{"id":1140225,"date":"2025-01-08T22:18:16","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1140225.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T22:18:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:18:19","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8%e6%ad%a3%e5%88%99%e8%a1%a8%e8%be%be%e5%bc%8f%e6%8a%93%e5%8f%96%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1140225.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u70b9\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528re\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528re.search\u6216re.findall\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/strong> \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08Regular Expressions\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0regex\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u5339\u914d\u3002Python\u7684re\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528re\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u672c\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u672c\u7b49\u3002\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7531\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u5305\u62ec\u5982^<\/code>\u3001$<\/code>\u3001.<\/code>\u3001*<\/code>\u3001+<\/code>\u3001?<\/code>\u3001[]<\/code>\u3001{}<\/code>\u3001()<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001Python\u4e2d\u7684re\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86re\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002re\u6a21\u5757\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982re.match<\/code>\u3001re.search<\/code>\u3001re.findall<\/code>\u3001re.sub<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import re<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0fabc<\/code>\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32"abc"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c.<\/code>\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c^<\/code>\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c$<\/code>\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"abc"<\/p>\n
text = "abc"<\/p>\n
match = re.match(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
print(match)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='abc'><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[]<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c[abc]<\/code>\u5339\u914d"a"\u3001"b"\u6216"c"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8303\u56f4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26-<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c[a-z]<\/code>\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"[a-z]"<\/p>\n
text = "a"<\/p>\n
match = re.match(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
print(match)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match='a'><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\\d<\/code>\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e[0-9]<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\\w<\/code>\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e[a-zA-Z0-9_]<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\\s<\/code>\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u3001\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"\\d"<\/p>\n
text = "1"<\/p>\n
match = re.match(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
print(match)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<re.Match object; span=(0, 1), match='1'><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528re\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001re.match<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
re.match<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2amatch\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56deNone\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"hello"<\/p>\n
text = "hello world"<\/p>\n
match = re.match(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
if match:<\/p>\n
    print("\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001re.search<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
re.search<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2amatch\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56deNone\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"world"<\/p>\n
text = "hello world"<\/p>\n
match = re.search(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
if match:<\/p>\n
    print("\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001re.findall<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
re.findall<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5b50\u4e32\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"\\d+"<\/p>\n
text = "123 abc 456 def"<\/p>\n
matches = re.findall(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
print(matches)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a['123', '456']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u62ec\u53f7()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u5206\u7ec4\u540e\u7684\u5b50\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\\1<\/code>\u3001\\2<\/code>\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"(abc)+"<\/p>\n
text = "abcabc"<\/p>\n
match = re.match(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
print(match)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<re.Match object; span=(0, 6), match='abcabc'><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u975e\u8d2a\u5a6a\u5339\u914d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u975e\u8d2a\u5a6a\u5339\u914d\u4f7f\u7528?<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"<.*?>"<\/p>\n
text = "<div>hello<\/div>"<\/p>\n
match = re.search(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
print(match.group())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<div><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u65ad\u8a00<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u652f\u6301\u65ad\u8a00\uff08Assertions\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96f6\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6b63\u9884\u6d4b\u5148\u884c\u65ad\u8a00(?=...)<\/code>\u548c\u96f6\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d1f\u9884\u6d4b\u5148\u884c\u65ad\u8a00(?!...)<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"\\b\\w+(?=\\sis)"<\/p>\n
text = "this is a test"<\/p>\n
match = re.search(pattern, text)<\/p>\n
print(match.group())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1athis<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u63d0\u53d6URL\u3001\u90ae\u7bb1\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import re<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = "http:\/\/example.com"<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
html = response.text<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pattern = r'href="(http[s]?:\/\/.*?)"'<\/p>\n
links = re.findall(pattern, html)<\/p>\n
print(links)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u6d17\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u53bb\u9664\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"\\s+"<\/p>\n
text = "hello   world"<\/p>\n
clean_text = re.sub(pattern, " ", text)<\/p>\n
print(clean_text)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1ahello world<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pattern = r"\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}"<\/p>\n
log = "2023-10-01 12:00:00 ERROR Something went wrong"<\/p>\n
match = re.search(pattern, log)<\/p>\n
if match:<\/p>\n
    print(match.group())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a2023-10-01 12:00:00<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5728Python\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7re\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u5339\u914d\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528re\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u638c\u63e1\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u867d\u7136\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u52a0\u7ec3\u4e60\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\uff1f<\/strong>
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