{"id":1141514,"date":"2025-01-08T22:31:49","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1141514.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T22:31:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:31:51","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%86%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%a6%e4%b8%b2%e8%bd%ac%e4%b8%ba%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1141514.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25104215\/38c55b50-4a34-451f-800b-450a1b602817.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.system<\/code>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528<code>shlex<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.system<\/code><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1.1\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>os.system<\/code>\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>os.system(&quot;echo Hello World&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1.2\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>1.3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>os.system<\/code>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u975e\u5173\u952e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2.1\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5176\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\/\u9519\u8bef\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess.run<\/code>\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>result = subprocess.run([&quot;echo&quot;, &quot;Hello World&quot;], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n<p>print(result.stdout)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2.2\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a<code>subprocess.run<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u662f\u5426\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u5f85\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>capture_output=True<\/code>\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>text=True<\/code>\u6765\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>try:<\/p>\n<p>    result = subprocess.run(<\/p>\n<p>        [&quot;ls&quot;, &quot;-l&quot;, &quot;\/nonexistentpath&quot;],<\/p>\n<p>        capture_output=True,<\/p>\n<p>        text=True,<\/p>\n<p>        check=True<\/p>\n<p>    )<\/p>\n<p>    print(result.stdout)<\/p>\n<p>except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:<\/p>\n<p>    print(f&quot;Error: {e.stderr}&quot;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<code>check=True<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2.3\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u6355\u83b7\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76f8\u5bf9<code>os.system<\/code>\u7a0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>2.4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528<code>shlex<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3.1\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>shlex<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f85\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import shlex<\/p>\n<p>import subprocess<\/p>\n<p>command = &quot;echo Hello World&quot;<\/p>\n<p>args = shlex.split(command)<\/p>\n<p>subprocess.run(args)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3.2\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ec5\u662f\u8f85\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9700\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>3.3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>shlex<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9<code>os.system<\/code>\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u548c\u9700\u8981\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>shlex<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u914d\u5408<code>subprocess<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c<strong>\u63a8\u8350\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>subprocess.run()<\/code>\u6216<code>subprocess.Popen()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u547d\u4ee4\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess\n\ncommand = &quot;ls -l&quot;  # \u6216\u8005\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\nresult = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True)\nprint(result.stdout)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u6267\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u6076\u610f\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5371\u9669\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528<code>shell=True<\/code>\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u6b64\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7<code>subprocess.CalledProcessError<\/code>\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import subprocess\n\ntry:\n    result = subprocess.run(&quot;invalid_command&quot;, shell=True, check=True)\nexcept subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:\n    print(f&quot;\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7801: {e.returncode}, \u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f: {e.stderr}&quot;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528os.system\u3001\u4f7f\u7528subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528sh [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1141518,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1141514"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1141514"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1141514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1141523,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1141514\/revisions\/1141523"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1141518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1141514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1141514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1141514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}