{"id":1143200,"date":"2025-01-08T22:48:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1143200.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T22:48:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:48:03","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b3%e4%b8%a4%e4%b8%aa%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e5%85%b1%e4%ba%ab%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1143200.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

Python\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5171\u4eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501<\/strong>\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684Lock<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\uff1f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u9501\u5b9a\u548c\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u72ec\u5360\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\uff1f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import threading<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
lock = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
def thread_SAFe<\/a>_function():<\/p>\n
    with lock:<\/p>\n
        # \u5728\u6b64\u5904\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09<\/p>\n
        pass<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cwith lock<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9501\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e8b\u52a1\u5177\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff08ACID\uff09\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
def thread_safe_function():<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        # \u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
        conn.execute('BEGIN TRANSACTION')<\/p>\n
        # \u5728\u6b64\u5904\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
        conn.execute('INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (?, ?)', (value1, value2))<\/p>\n
        # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
        conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
        # \u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
        conn.rollback()<\/p>\n
        rAI<\/a>se e<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
        conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cBEGIN TRANSACTION<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0ccommit()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0crollback()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u4e5f\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\uff1f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9a71\u52a8\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • sqlite3<\/strong>\uff1aPython\u81ea\u5e26\u7684SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
  • psycopg2<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8ePostgreSQL\u7684Python\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n
  • MySQL Connector\/Python<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eMySQL\u7684Python\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    4.1\u3001\u6848\u4f8b\u63cf\u8ff0<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u54c1\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    4.2\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import threading<\/p>\n
    import sqlite3<\/p>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    lock = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
    def update_inventory(product_id, quantity):<\/p>\n
        with lock:<\/p>\n
            # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
            conn = sqlite3.connect('ecommerce.db')<\/p>\n
            try:<\/p>\n
                # \u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
                conn.execute('BEGIN TRANSACTION')<\/p>\n
                # \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5e93\u5b58<\/p>\n
                cursor = conn.execute('SELECT stock FROM products WHERE id = ?', (product_id,))<\/p>\n
                current_stock = cursor.fetchone()[0]<\/p>\n
                # \u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58<\/p>\n
                new_stock = current_stock - quantity<\/p>\n
                conn.execute('UPDATE products SET stock = ? WHERE id = ?', (new_stock, product_id))<\/p>\n
                # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
                conn.commit()<\/p>\n
            except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
                # \u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
                conn.rollback()<\/p>\n
                raise e<\/p>\n
            finally:<\/p>\n
                # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
                conn.close()<\/p>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    thread1 = threading.Thread(target=update_inventory, args=(1, 2))<\/p>\n
    thread2 = threading.Thread(target=update_inventory, args=(1, 3))<\/p>\n
    thread1.start()<\/p>\n
    thread2.start()<\/p>\n
    thread1.join()<\/p>\n
    thread2.join()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61lock<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n
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