{"id":1143267,"date":"2025-01-08T22:48:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:48:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1143267.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T22:48:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:48:32","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%88%86%e5%b8%83%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1143267.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982Celery\u3001Dask\u3001Ray\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u5404\u6709\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Celery\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001Dask\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001Ray\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a><\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Celery\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Celery\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f17\u591a\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\u5982RabbitMQ\u3001Redis\u7b49\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4eceCelery\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Celery\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Celery<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Celery\u53ca\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pip\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install celery<\/p>\n
pip install redis<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u914d\u7f6eCelery<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Celery\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u52a1\u3002Redis\u548cRabbitMQ\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684Celery\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528Redis\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from celery import Celery<\/p>\n
app = Celery('tasks', broker='redis:\/\/localhost:6379\/0')<\/p>\n
app.conf.update(<\/p>\n
    result_backend='redis:\/\/localhost:6379\/0',<\/p>\n
    task_serializer='json',<\/p>\n
    result_serializer='json',<\/p>\n
    accept_content=['json'],<\/p>\n
    timezone='UTC',<\/p>\n
    enable_utc=True,<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Celery\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684Python\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668@app.task<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u9970\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
@app.task<\/p>\n
def add(x, y):<\/p>\n
    return x + y<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4efb\u52a1\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002Celery\u4f1a\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5de5\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
result = add.delay(4, 6)<\/p>\n
print(result.get())  # \u8f93\u51fa: 10<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Celery\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Celery Beat\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Celery Beat<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install celery[redis]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Celery\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from celery.schedules import crontab<\/p>\n
app.conf.beat_schedule = {<\/p>\n
    'add-every-30-seconds': {<\/p>\n
        'task': 'tasks.add',<\/p>\n
        'schedule': 30.0,<\/p>\n
        'args': (16, 16)<\/p>\n
    },<\/p>\n
    'multiply-at-noon': {<\/p>\n
        'task': 'tasks.multiply',<\/p>\n
        'schedule': crontab(hour=12, minute=0),<\/p>\n
        'args': (4, 4),<\/p>\n
    },<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002Celery\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528autoretry_for<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from celery.exceptions import Retry<\/p>\n
@app.task(bind=True, autoretry_for=(Exception,), retry_kwargs={'max_retries': 5, 'countdown': 5})<\/p>\n
def add(self, x, y):<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        return x + y<\/p>\n
    except Exception as exc:<\/p>\n
        rAI<\/a>se self.retry(exc=exc)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u56de\u8c03<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4efb\u52a1\u6dfb\u52a0\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
@app.task<\/p>\n
def on_success(result, task_id, args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
    print(f'Task {task_id} succeeded with result {result}')<\/p>\n
@app.task<\/p>\n
def on_failure(exc, task_id, args, kwargs, einfo):<\/p>\n
    print(f'Task {task_id} failed with exception {exc}')<\/p>\n
@app.task<\/p>\n
def add(x, y):<\/p>\n
    return x + y<\/p>\n
add.apply_async((4, 6), link=on_success.s(), link_error=on_failure.s())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Celery\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982Flower\u3001Prometheus\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001Flower<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Flower\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eWeb\u7684Celery\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u542f\u52a8Flower\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install flower<\/p>\n
celery -A tasks flower<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001Prometheus<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408Prometheus\u548cGrafana\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install celery-prometheus-exporter<\/p>\n
celery -A tasks worker -E<\/p>\n
celery -A tasks events --frequency=10<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fWeb\u722c\u866b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3Celery\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fWeb\u722c\u866b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5206\u914d\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u722c\u866b\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5b58\u50a8\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    2\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u6210\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from celery import Celery<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
    app = Celery('scheduler', broker='redis:\/\/localhost:6379\/0')<\/p>\n
    @app.task<\/p>\n
    def fetch_url(url):<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
        return soup.title.string<\/p>\n
    def schedule_tasks(urls):<\/p>\n
        for url in urls:<\/p>\n
            fetch_url.delay(url)<\/p>\n
    if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
        urls = ['http:\/\/example.com', 'http:\/\/example.org']<\/p>\n
        schedule_tasks(urls)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    3\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u722c\u866b\u8282\u70b9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u722c\u866b\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u722c\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from celery import Celery<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
    app = Celery('crawler', broker='redis:\/\/localhost:6379\/0')<\/p>\n
    @app.task<\/p>\n
    def fetch_url(url):<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
        title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
        # \u5b58\u50a8\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
        store_data.delay(url, title)<\/p>\n
    @app.task<\/p>\n
    def store_data(url, title):<\/p>\n
        print(f'Stored data: {url} - {title}')<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    4\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u542f\u52a8\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u548c\u722c\u866b\u8282\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    celery -A scheduler worker --loglevel=info<\/p>\n
    celery -A crawler worker --loglevel=info<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fWeb\u722c\u866b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Celery\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5230\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86Celery\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002Celery\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5b9e\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0cCelery\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cCelery\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cCelery\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002Django\u548cFlask\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\uff0cFastAPI\u548cTornado\u662f\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cRay\u548cDask\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
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