{"id":1149653,"date":"2025-01-13T16:52:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1149653.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T16:52:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:52:06","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e6%8e%92%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1149653.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6392\u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001Python\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u3001Python\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528list.sort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1, 5, 6]<\/p>\n
sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)<\/p>\n
print(sorted_numbers)  # \u8f93\u51fa: [1, 2, 5, 5, 6, 9]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2akey<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u952e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u7167\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6309\u7167\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n
words = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]<\/p>\n
sorted_words = sorted(words, key=len)<\/p>\n
print(sorted_words)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ['date', 'apple', 'banana', 'cherry']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528lambda\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528lambda<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u952e\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
students = [<\/p>\n
    {"name": "John", "age": 25},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Jane", "age": 22},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Dave", "age": 23}<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda student: student["age"])<\/p>\n
print(sorted_students)<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa: [{'name': 'Jane', 'age': 22}, {'name': 'Dave', 'age': 23}, {'name': 'John', 'age': 25}]<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528list.sort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0esorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0clist.sort()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u5217\u8868\u3002list.sort()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2akey<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0esorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1, 5, 6]<\/p>\n
numbers.sort()<\/p>\n
print(numbers)  # \u8f93\u51fa: [1, 2, 5, 5, 6, 9]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528key\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0clist.sort()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7key<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
students = [<\/p>\n
    {"name": "John", "age": 25},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Jane", "age": 22},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Dave", "age": 23}<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
students.sort(key=lambda student: student["age"])<\/p>\n
print(students)<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa: [{'name': 'Jane', 'age': 22}, {'name': 'Dave', 'age': 23}, {'name': 'John', 'age': 25}]<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u662flist.sort()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ereverse<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4e3aTrue<\/code>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1, 5, 6]<\/p>\n
sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)<\/p>\n
print(sorted_numbers)  # \u8f93\u51fa: [9, 6, 5, 5, 2, 1]<\/p>\n
students.sort(key=lambda student: student["age"], reverse=True)<\/p>\n
print(students)<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa: [{'name': 'John', 'age': 25}, {'name': 'Dave', 'age': 23}, {'name': 'Jane', 'age': 22}]<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u5230key<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
students = [<\/p>\n
    {"name": "John", "age": 25, "grade": 90},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Jane", "age": 22, "grade": 85},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Dave", "age": 23, "grade": 90},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Lucy", "age": 22, "grade": 92}<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
\u5148\u6309age\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u518d\u6309grade\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda student: (student["age"], student["grade"]))<\/p>\n
print(sorted_students)<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa: [{'name': 'Jane', 'age': 22, 'grade': 85}, {'name': 'Lucy', 'age': 22, 'grade': 92}, {'name': 'Dave', 'age': 23, 'grade': 90}, {'name': 'John', 'age': 25, 'grade': 90}]<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u952e\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
students = [<\/p>\n
    {"name": "John", "age": 25, "grade": 90},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Jane", "age": 22, "grade": 85},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Dave", "age": 23, "grade": 90},<\/p>\n
    {"name": "Lucy", "age": 22, "grade": 92}<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
\u5148\u6309grade\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u518d\u6309age\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda student: student["grade"])<\/p>\n
sorted_students = sorted(sorted_students, key=lambda student: student["age"])<\/p>\n
print(sorted_students)<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa: [{'name': 'Jane', 'age': 22, 'grade': 85}, {'name': 'Lucy', 'age': 22, 'grade': 92}, {'name': 'Dave', 'age': 23, 'grade': 90}, {'name': 'John', 'age': 25, 'grade': 90}]<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u66f4\u591a\u6392\u5e8f\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6309\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u6392\u5e8f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Student:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
students = [<\/p>\n
    Student("John", 25),<\/p>\n
    Student("Jane", 22),<\/p>\n
    Student("Dave", 23)<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda student: student.age)<\/p>\n
for student in sorted_students:<\/p>\n
    print(student.name, student.age)<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Jane 22<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Dave 23<\/strong><\/h2>\n
John 25<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6309\u590d\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u6392\u5e8f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6570\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684abs()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3akey<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
complex_numbers = [3 + 4j, 1 - 1j, 0, 1 + 1j]<\/p>\n
sorted_complex_numbers = sorted(complex_numbers, key=abs)<\/p>\n
print(sorted_complex_numbers)  # \u8f93\u51fa: [0, (1-1j), (1+1j), (3+4j)]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u3002Python\u7684sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u548clist.sort()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Timsort\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709O(n log n)\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6392\u5e8f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import random<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
data = [random.randint(0, 1000000) for _ in range(1000000)]<\/p>\n
start_time = time.time()<\/p>\n
sorted_data = sorted(data)<\/p>\n
end_time = time.time()<\/p>\n
print(f"\u6392\u5e8f\u8017\u65f6: {end_time - start_time} \u79d2")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528list.sort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528key\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528lambda\u51fd\u6570\u7b80\u5316\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u7ea7\u590d\u6742\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\u3001\u6309\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u6309\u590d\u6570\u6a21\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3001\u8003\u8651\u6392\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7279\u6027\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f<\/strong>
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Python\u4e2d\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
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