{"id":1155801,"date":"2025-01-13T18:08:13","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T10:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1155801.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T18:08:16","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T10:08:16","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%bb%98%e5%9b%be%e5%8c%ba%e5%9f%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1155801.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5230matplotlib<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u56fe\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u683c\u5e03\u5c40\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528plt.subplot<\/code>\u548cplt.subplots<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 plt.figure<\/code> \u548c plt.subplot<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

matplotlib.pyplot.figure<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0cmatplotlib.pyplot.subplot<\/code> \u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\u5e76\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))<\/p>\n
\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)  # 2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b50\u56fe<\/p>\n
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 2)  # 2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b50\u56fe<\/p>\n
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 3)  # 2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b50\u56fe<\/p>\n
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 4)  # 2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u5b50\u56fe<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9])<\/p>\n
ax2.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
ax3.plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 4, 1])<\/p>\n
ax4.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2])<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cfig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 plt.subplots<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
plt.subplots<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u56fe\u50cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5b50\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10, 6))<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
axs[0, 0].plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9])<\/p>\n
axs[0, 1].plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 0].plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 4, 1])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 1].plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2])<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u5e03\u5c40<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cplt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10, 6))<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b2\u884c2\u5217\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a10×6\u82f1\u5bf8<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95eeaxs<\/code>\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 GridSpec<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\u590d\u6742\u5e03\u5c40<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec<\/code>\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b50\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aGridSpec\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3, 3)<\/p>\n
\u5728GridSpec\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, :])   # \u7b2c\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, :-1]) # \u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u524d\u4e24\u5217<\/p>\n
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1:, -1]) # \u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217<\/p>\n
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(gs[-1, 0])  # \u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217<\/p>\n
ax5 = fig.add_subplot(gs[-1, -2]) # \u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9])<\/p>\n
ax2.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
ax3.plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 4, 1])<\/p>\n
ax4.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2])<\/p>\n
ax5.plot([1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 1])<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u5e03\u5c40<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cGridSpec<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cgs[0, :]<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\uff0cgs[1, :-1]<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u5217\uff0cgs[1:, -1]<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b50\u56fe\u95f4\u8ddd\u548c\u8fb9\u8ddd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u5b50\u56fe\u5e03\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u5b50\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u8fb9\u8ddd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528plt.subplots_adjust<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10, 6))<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
axs[0, 0].plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9])<\/p>\n
axs[0, 1].plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 0].plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 4, 1])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 1].plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2])<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u5b50\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u8ddd\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u8fb9\u8ddd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.9, top=0.9, bottom=0.1, hspace=0.4, wspace=0.4)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cplt.subplots_adjust<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u5b50\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5782\u76f4\u95f4\u8ddd\uff08hspace<\/code>\u548cwspace<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8fb9\u8ddd\uff08left<\/code>\u3001right<\/code>\u3001top<\/code>\u3001bottom<\/code>\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Axes<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528matplotlib.axes.Axes<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u5de6\uff0c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bbd\uff0c\u9ad8\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.6, 0.35, 0.35])<\/p>\n
ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.55, 0.6, 0.35, 0.35])<\/p>\n
ax3 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.35, 0.35])<\/p>\n
ax4 = fig.add_axes([0.55, 0.1, 0.35, 0.35])<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9])<\/p>\n
ax2.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
ax3.plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 4, 1])<\/p>\n
ax4.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2])<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cfig.add_axes([left, bottom, width, height])<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\u3002\u5de6\u3001\u4e0b\u3001\u5bbd\u3001\u9ad8\u7684\u503c\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff080\u52301\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 plt.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec<\/code> \u5d4c\u5957\u5b50\u56fe<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\u518d\u5d4c\u5957\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GridSpecFromSubplotSpec<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aGridSpec\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
outer_gs = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1)<\/p>\n
\u5728GridSpec\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(outer_gs[0])<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5957\u7684GridSpec\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
inner_gs = gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(1, 2, subplot_spec=outer_gs[1])<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5d4c\u5957\u7684GridSpec\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(inner_gs[0])<\/p>\n
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(inner_gs[1])<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9])<\/p>\n
ax2.plot([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
ax3.plot([1, 2, 3], [9, 4, 1])<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u5e03\u5c40<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c1\u5217\u7684\u5916\u90e8GridSpec<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61outer_gs<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4e2d\u518d\u5d4c\u5957\u4e00\u4e2a1\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u5185\u90e8GridSpec<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61inner_gs<\/code><\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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