{"id":1165388,"date":"2025-01-15T15:19:50","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T07:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1165388.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T15:19:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T07:19:53","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8f%90%e5%8f%96%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e9%94%ae%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1165388.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u503c\"<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528keys()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528values()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528items()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528items()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u548c\u503c\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528keys()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

keys()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u5178\u6240\u6709\u952e\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b57\u5178\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528list()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
keys = my_dict.keys()<\/p>\n
print(keys)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dict_keys(['a', 'b', 'c'])<\/p>\n
keys_list = list(keys)<\/p>\n
print(keys_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ['a', 'b', 'c']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528values()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
values()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u5178\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e0ekeys()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
values = my_dict.values()<\/p>\n
print(values)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dict_values([1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
values_list = list(values)<\/p>\n
print(values_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa: [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528items()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
items()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u5178\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a(key, value)\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u952e\u548c\u503c\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
items = my_dict.items()<\/p>\n
print(items)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])<\/p>\n
items_list = list(items)<\/p>\n
print(items_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa: [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u540d\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
value_a = my_dict['a']<\/p>\n
print(value_a)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 1<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
filtered_dict = {k: v for k, v in my_dict.items() if v > 1}<\/p>\n
print(filtered_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u7ed3\u5408for\u5faa\u73af\u63d0\u53d6\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u3001\u503c\u6216\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5b57\u5178\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u952e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for key in my_dict.keys():<\/p>\n
    print(key)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for value in my_dict.values():<\/p>\n
    print(value)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for key, value in my_dict.items():<\/p>\n
    print(f'Key: {key}, Value: {value}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528get()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
get()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u540d\u83b7\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684KeyError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
value_a = my_dict.get('a', 'default')<\/p>\n
print(value_a)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 1<\/p>\n
value_d = my_dict.get('d', 'default')<\/p>\n
print(value_d)  # \u8f93\u51fa: default<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pop()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pop()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1KeyError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
value_a = my_dict.pop('a', 'default')<\/p>\n
print(value_a)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 1<\/p>\n
value_d = my_dict.pop('d', 'default')<\/p>\n
print(value_d)  # \u8f93\u51fa: default<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528popitem()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
popitem()\u65b9\u6cd5\u968f\u673a\u79fb\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a(key, value)\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u5178\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5f15\u53d1KeyError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
item = my_dict.popitem()<\/p>\n
print(item)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ('c', 3) (\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u968f\u673a\u79fb\u9664\u7684)<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u4f7f\u7528defaultdict<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
defaultdict\u662fcollections\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
from collections import defaultdict<\/p>\n
my_dict = defaultdict(int)<\/p>\n
my_dict['a'] += 1<\/p>\n
my_dict['b'] += 2<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'a': 1, 'b': 2})<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528setdefault()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
setdefault()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}<\/p>\n
value_c = my_dict.setdefault('c', 3)<\/p>\n
print(value_c)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 3<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
value_b = my_dict.setdefault('b', 4)<\/p>\n
print(value_b)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 2<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528chAI<\/a>nMap<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
chainMap\u662fcollections\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u5f0f\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
from collections import ChainMap<\/p>\n
dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}<\/p>\n
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}<\/p>\n
chain = ChainMap(dict1, dict2)<\/p>\n
print(chain['a'])  # \u8f93\u51fa: 1<\/p>\n
print(chain['c'])  # \u8f93\u51fa: 3<\/p>\n
print(chain)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ChainMap({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'c': 3, 'd': 4})<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528namedtuple<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
namedtuple\u662fcollections\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4\u7528\u4f5c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u6216\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
from collections import namedtuple<\/p>\n
Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])<\/p>\n
my_dict = {Point(1, 2): 'A', Point(3, 4): 'B'}<\/p>\n
for point, value in my_dict.items():<\/p>\n
    print(f'Point: ({point.x}, {point.y}), Value: {value}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528OrderedDict<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
OrderedDict\u662fcollections\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
from collections import OrderedDict<\/p>\n
my_dict = OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])<\/p>\n
for key, value in my_dict.items():<\/p>\n
    print(f'Key: {key}, Value: {value}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Counter<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Counter\u662fcollections\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u952e\u662f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
from collections import Counter<\/p>\n
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'a']<\/p>\n
counter = Counter(my_list)<\/p>\n
print(counter)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 2, 'c': 1})<\/p>\n
for key, value in counter.items():<\/p>\n
    print(f'Element: {key}, Count: {value}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dict.fromkeys()<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
dict.fromkeys()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6765\u81ea\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u952e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']<\/p>\n
default_value = 0<\/p>\n
my_dict = dict.fromkeys(keys, default_value)<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 0, 'b': 0, 'c': 0}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528zip\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
zip\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']<\/p>\n
values = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
my_dict = dict(zip(keys, values))<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dict.update()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
dict.update()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5176\u503c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}<\/p>\n
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}<\/p>\n
dict1.update(dict2)<\/p>\n
print(dict1)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dict.copy()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
dict.copy()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6d45\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u539f\u5b57\u5178\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
new_dict = my_dict.copy()<\/p>\n
print(new_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dict.setdefault()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
dict.setdefault()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}<\/p>\n
value_c = my_dict.setdefault('c', 3)<\/p>\n
print(value_c)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 3<\/p>\n
print(my_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662fPython\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u503c\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f7f\u7528items()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u548c\u503c\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982keys()\u3001values()\u3001get()\u3001pop()\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528dict.keys()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\nkeys = my_dict.keys()\nprint(keys)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dict_keys(['a', 'b', 'c'])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u952e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528list()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff1a  <\/p>\n
keys_list = list(my_dict.keys())\nprint(keys_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa: ['a', 'b', 'c']\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528dict.values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\nvalues = my_dict.values()\nprint(values)  # \u8f93\u51fa: dict_values([1, 2, 3])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u82e5\u60f3\u5c06\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7list()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a  <\/p>\n
values_list = list(my_dict.values())\nprint(values_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa: [1, 2, 3]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u952e\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u952e\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[]<\/code>\u6216dict.get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1KeyError<\/code>\uff1a  <\/p>\n
value_a = my_dict['a']  # \u8f93\u51fa: 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528dict.get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8fd4\u56deNone<\/code>\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff1a  <\/p>\n
value_b = my_dict.get('b', '\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c')\nprint(value_b)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 2\nvalue_d = my_dict.get('d', '\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c')\nprint(value_d)  # \u8f93\u51fa: \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u952e\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528keys()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528values()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528items()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u76f4 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1165400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165388"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1165388"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1165401,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165388\/revisions\/1165401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1165400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1165388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1165388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1165388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}