{"id":1166552,"date":"2025-01-15T15:33:35","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T07:33:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1166552.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T15:33:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T07:33:37","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%96%e8%af%91%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e6%8f%90%e7%a4%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1166552.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\"<\/p>\n

Python\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5982\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1ZeroDivisionError\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

try:<\/p>\n
    result = 10 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error occurred: ", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c10 \/ 0\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1ZeroDivisionError\uff0cexcept\u5757\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u66f4\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e00\u3001PYTHON\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff08SyntaxError\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6307Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u7f3a\u5c11\u5192\u53f7\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u7f29\u8fdb\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u5b57\u7b26\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
if True<\/p>\n
    print("Hello World")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1SyntaxError\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aif\u8bed\u53e5\u540e\u9762\u7f3a\u5c11\u5192\u53f7\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
if True:<\/p>\n
    print("Hello World")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u9519\u8bef\uff08NameError\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u540d\u79f0\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print(a)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cfa\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1NameError\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\uff08TypeError\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6307\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u6574\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
result = '2' + 2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1TypeError\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u6574\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u52a0\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
result = int('2') + 2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u9519\u8bef\uff08IndexError\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6307\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8d85\u51fa\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
lst = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
print(lst[3])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1IndexError\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f153\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u7d22\u5f15\u5728\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u952e\u9519\u8bef\uff08KeyError\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u952e\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
d = {'key1': 'value1'}<\/p>\n
print(d['key2'])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1KeyError\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u952e'key2'\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528get\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print(d.get('key2', 'default_value'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u9519\u8bef\uff08AttributeError\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c5e\u6027\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6307\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
obj = MyClass()<\/p>\n
print(obj.some_attribute)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1AttributeError\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aMyClass\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49some_attribute\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
7\u3001\u503c\u9519\u8bef\uff08ValueError\uff09<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u503c\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6307\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u503c\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
result = int('abc')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1ValueError\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32'abc'\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001try-except\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 10 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error occurred: ", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c10 \/ 0\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1ZeroDivisionError\uff0cexcept\u5757\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6355\u83b7\u591a\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728except\u5757\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u591a\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = int('abc')<\/p>\n
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error occurred: ", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cexcept\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7ValueError\u548cTypeError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001finally\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
finally\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    result = 10 \/ 0<\/p>\n
except ZeroDivisionError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error occurred: ", e)<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    print("This will always be executed")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0cfinally\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaException\u7c7b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyCustomError(Exception):<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    rAI<\/a>se MyCustomError("This is a custom error")<\/p>\n
except MyCustomError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Custom Error occurred: ", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cMyCustomError\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5f15\u53d1\u548c\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528print\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528print\u8bed\u53e5\u8f93\u51fa\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
a = 5<\/p>\n
print("The value of a is:", a)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u7e41\u7410\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528logging\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
logging\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)<\/p>\n
logging.debug("This is a debug message")<\/p>\n
logging.info("This is an info message")<\/p>\n
logging.warning("This is a warning message")<\/p>\n
logging.error("This is an error message")<\/p>\n
logging.critical("This is a critical message")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0clogging\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u540c\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pdb\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
pdb\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pdb<\/p>\n
def divide(a, b):<\/p>\n
    pdb.set_trace()<\/p>\n
    return a \/ b<\/p>\n
result = divide(10, 0)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cpdb.set_trace()\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65ad\u70b9\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u6682\u505c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u8c03\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528IDE\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff08IDE\uff09\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982PyCharm\u3001VS Code\u7b49\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728IDE\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u3001\u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u5065\u58ee\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def get_age():<\/p>\n
    age = input("Enter your age: ")<\/p>\n
    if not age.isdigit():<\/p>\n
        raise ValueError("Age must be a number")<\/p>\n
    return int(age)<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    age = get_age()<\/p>\n
    print("Your age is:", age)<\/p>\n
except ValueError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error:", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cget_age\u51fd\u6570\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5219\u5f15\u53d1ValueError\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u68c0\u67e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u4e0b\u6807\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
lst = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
index = 3<\/p>\n
if index < 0 or index >= len(lst):<\/p>\n
    raise IndexError("Index out of range")<\/p>\n
print(lst[index])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u907f\u514dIndexError\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u65ad\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def divide(a, b):<\/p>\n
    assert b != 0, "Denominator cannot be zero"<\/p>\n
    return a \/ b<\/p>\n
result = divide(10, 0)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u68c0\u67e5b\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u96f6\u5219\u5f15\u53d1AssertionError\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
class TestAddFunction(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_add(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(1, 2), 3)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(-1, 1), 0)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(0, 0), 0)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7bTestAddFunction\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8btest_add\uff0c\u786e\u4fddadd\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982Git\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
git init<\/p>\n
git add .<\/p>\n
git commit -m "Initial commit"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7531\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba9\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5ba1\u67e5\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d0\u4ea4\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u8303<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9075\u5faa\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cPEP 8\u662fPython\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u75284\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f29\u8fdb\u3001\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc779\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528docstring\u7f16\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    """<\/p>\n
    Add two numbers.<\/p>\n
    :param a: First number<\/p>\n
    :param b: Second number<\/p>\n
    :return: Sum of a and b<\/p>\n
    """<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528docstring\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528pytest\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pytest<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def test_add():<\/p>\n
    assert add(1, 2) == 3<\/p>\n
    assert add(-1, 1) == 0<\/p>\n
    assert add(0, 0) == 0<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pytest<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ecFileNotFoundError\u3001IOError\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        content = file.read()<\/p>\n
except FileNotFoundError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("File not found:", e)<\/p>\n
except IOError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("IO error:", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ecConnectionError\u3001Timeout\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
    response.raise_for_status()<\/p>\n
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Connection error:", e)<\/p>\n
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Timeout error:", e)<\/p>\n
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("HTTP error:", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001SQL\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM table')<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except sqlite3.DatabaseError as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Database error:", e)<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u638c\u63e1\u5904\u7406\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406Python\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u95ee\u9898\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u7f29\u8fdb\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u62ec\u53f7\u6216\u5f15\u53f7\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408Python\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0Python\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff08\u5982\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u7f3a\u5c11\u5192\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u6574\u6d01\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u4fee\u590dPython\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8c03\u8bd5Python\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528IDE\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u67e5\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5229\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u5982print()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u591a\u52a0\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u793e\u533a\u8bba\u575b\u6216\u6587\u6863\u67e5\u627e\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fee\u590d\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5982\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1166557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1166552"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1166552"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1166552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1166559,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1166552\/revisions\/1166559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1166557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1166552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1166552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1166552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}