{"id":1169524,"date":"2025-01-15T16:11:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1169524.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T16:11:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:11:43","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%e5%b9%b6%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1169524.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001concurrent.futures<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4ee5\u53camultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cthreading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9002\u5408I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002concurrent.futures<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u7ed5\u8fc7GIL\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff09\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u6bd4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66f4\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u7684GIL\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884cPython\u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u5728I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fthreading.Thread<\/code>\u7c7b\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efaThread<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import threading<\/p>\n
\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\uff1a\u7ee7\u627fThread\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class MyThread(threading.Thread):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
    def run(self):<\/p>\n
        print(f'Thread {self.name} is running')<\/p>\n
\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efaThread\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def thread_function(name):<\/p>\n
    print(f'Thread {name} is running')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
thread1 = MyThread(name='Thread-1')<\/p>\n
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=thread_function, args=('Thread-2',))<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
thread1.start()<\/p>\n
thread2.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
thread1.join()<\/p>\n
thread2.join()<\/p>\n
print('All threads are done')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Lock<\/code>\u3001RLock<\/code>\u3001Semaphore<\/code>\u3001Event<\/code>\u7b49\u540c\u6b65\u539f\u8bed\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Lock\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65<\/strong><\/h2>\n
lock = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
counter = 0<\/p>\n
def increment_counter():<\/p>\n
    global counter<\/p>\n
    for _ in range(100000):<\/p>\n
        lock.acquire()<\/p>\n
        counter += 1<\/p>\n
        lock.release()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
threads = []<\/p>\n
for _ in range(10):<\/p>\n
    thread = threading.Thread(target=increment_counter)<\/p>\n
    threads.append(thread)<\/p>\n
    thread.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
    thread.join()<\/p>\n
print(f'Final counter value: {counter}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor<\/p>\n
def thread_function(name):<\/p>\n
    print(f'Thread {name} is running')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:<\/p>\n
    futures = [executor.submit(thread_function, f'Thread-{i}') for i in range(10)]<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for future in futures:<\/p>\n
    future.result()<\/p>\n
print('All threads are done')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u5408I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
def fetch_url(url):<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    print(f'{url}: {response.status_code}')<\/p>\n
urls = ['https:\/\/www.example.com', 'https:\/\/www.python.org', 'https:\/\/www.github.com']<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
threads = [threading.Thread(target=fetch_url, args=(url,)) for url in urls]<\/p>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
    thread.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
    thread.join()<\/p>\n
print('All URLs fetched')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u6267\u884c\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728GUI\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u754c\u9762\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
import tkinter as tk<\/p>\n
def long_running_task():<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
    print('Task completed')<\/p>\n
def start_task():<\/p>\n
    thread = threading.Thread(target=long_running_task)<\/p>\n
    thread.start()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaGUI<\/strong><\/h2>\n
root = tk.Tk()<\/p>\n
button = tk.Button(root, text='Start Task', command=start_task)<\/p>\n
button.pack()<\/p>\n
root.mAI<\/a>nloop()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528queue.Queue<\/code>\u7c7b\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u53d8\u91cf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
import queue<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def producer(q):<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
        item = f'item-{i}'<\/p>\n
        q.put(item)<\/p>\n
        print(f'Produced {item}')<\/p>\n
def consumer(q):<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        item = q.get()<\/p>\n
        if item is None:<\/p>\n
            break<\/p>\n
        print(f'Consumed {item}')<\/p>\n
        q.task_done()<\/p>\n
q = queue.Queue()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
producer_thread = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(q,))<\/p>\n
consumer_thread = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(q,))<\/p>\n
producer_thread.start()<\/p>\n
consumer_thread.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
producer_thread.join()<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong><\/h2>\n
q.put(None)<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
consumer_thread.join()<\/p>\n
print('All tasks are done')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
threading.Timer<\/code>\u7c7b\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
def delayed_task():<\/p>\n
    print('Task executed')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
timer = threading.Timer(5, delayed_task)<\/p>\n
timer.start()<\/p>\n
print('Timer started')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001GIL\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8eGIL\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u5c0f\u5fc3\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528RLock<\/code>\uff08\u53ef\u91cd\u5165\u9501\uff09\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
lock1 = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
lock2 = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
def task1():<\/p>\n
    lock1.acquire()<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
    lock2.acquire()<\/p>\n
    print('Task 1 completed')<\/p>\n
    lock2.release()<\/p>\n
    lock1.release()<\/p>\n
def task2():<\/p>\n
    lock2.acquire()<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
    lock1.acquire()<\/p>\n
    print('Task 2 completed')<\/p>\n
    lock1.release()<\/p>\n
    lock2.release()<\/p>\n
thread1 = threading.Thread(target=task1)<\/p>\n
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=task2)<\/p>\n
thread1.start()<\/p>\n
thread2.start()<\/p>\n
thread1.join()<\/p>\n
thread2.join()<\/p>\n
print('All tasks are done')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982queue.Queue<\/code>\u3001collections.deque<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
import queue<\/p>\n
def producer(q):<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        q.put(i)<\/p>\n
        print(f'Produced {i}')<\/p>\n
def consumer(q):<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        item = q.get()<\/p>\n
        if item is None:<\/p>\n
            break<\/p>\n
        print(f'Consumed {item}')<\/p>\n
        q.task_done()<\/p>\n
q = queue.Queue()<\/p>\n
producer_thread = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(q,))<\/p>\n
consumer_thread = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(q,))<\/p>\n
producer_thread.start()<\/p>\n
consumer_thread.start()<\/p>\n
producer_thread.join()<\/p>\n
q.put(None)<\/p>\n
consumer_thread.join()<\/p>\n
print('All tasks are done')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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