import requests<\/p>\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/page1'<\/p>\n
while url:<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
# \u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
for item in soup.select('.item'):<\/p>\n
print(item.text)<\/p>\n
# \u627e\u5230\u201c\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875\u201d\u6309\u94ae<\/p>\n
next_button = soup.select_one('.next')<\/p>\n
if next_button:<\/p>\n
url = next_button.get('href')<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
url = None<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u7f51\u9875\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8868\u5355\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/search'<\/p>\n
payload = {'q': 'keyword'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post(url, data=payload)<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\nfor item in soup.select('.result'):<\/p>\n
print(item.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies\u548cSession<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u722c\u866b\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406Cookies\u548cSession\u3002requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Session\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Session\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Session\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301Cookies\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n\u521b\u5efaSession\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\nsession = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\nurl = 'http:\/\/example.com\/login'<\/p>\n
payload = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}<\/p>\n
response = session.post(url, data=payload)<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\nurl = 'http:\/\/example.com\/profile'<\/p>\n
response = session.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u83b7\u53d6Cookies\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n\u521b\u5efaSession\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\nsession = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6eCookies<\/strong><\/h2>\nsession.cookies.set('cookie_name', 'cookie_value')<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\nurl = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
response = session.get(url)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6Cookies<\/strong><\/h2>\nprint(session.cookies.get_dict())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u9875\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u5982AJAX\uff09\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u7f51\u9875\u901a\u8fc7AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\nurl = 'http:\/\/example.com\/api\/data'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.json())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u7ed3\u5408Selenium\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\nimport json<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316WebDriver<\/strong><\/h2>\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='\/path\/to\/chromedriver')<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\ndriver.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\ndriver.implicitly_wait(10)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\nhtml = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
data = json.loads(html)<\/p>\n
print(data)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\ndriver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u6709\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982IP\u5c01\u7981\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u4f60\u7684\u771f\u5b9eIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u6a21\u62df\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\nproxies = {<\/p>\n
'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.10.10:8000',<\/p>\n
'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.10.10:8000',<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com', proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\nheaders = {<\/p>\n
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528OCR\u6280\u672f\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6253\u7801\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pytesseract\u5e93\u5904\u7406\u56fe\u7247\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytesseract<\/p>\nfrom PIL import Image<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\nimage = Image.open('captcha.png')<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Pytesseract\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\ncaptcha = pytesseract.image_to_string(image)<\/p>\n
print(captcha)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u722c\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982CSV\u3001JSON\u3001TXT\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\nimport json<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\ndata = [['Name', 'Age'], ['Alice', 25], ['Bob', 30]]<\/p>\n
with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:<\/p>\n
writer = csv.writer(file)<\/p>\n
writer.writerows(data)<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\ndata = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}<\/p>\n
with open('data.json', 'w') as file:<\/p>\n
json.dump(data, file)<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230TXT\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\ndata = 'Hello, world!'<\/p>\n
with open('data.txt', 'w') as file:<\/p>\n
file.write(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001MongoDB\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\nimport pymysql<\/p>\n
import pymongo<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230SQLite<\/strong><\/h2>\nconn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (name TEXT, age INTEGER)')<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)', ('Alice', 25))<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230MySQL<\/strong><\/h2>\nconn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='password', database='test')<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (name VARCHAR(255), age INT)')<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)', ('Alice', 25))<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230MongoDB<\/strong><\/h2>\nclient = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\/')<\/p>\n
db = client['test']<\/p>\n
collection = db['users']<\/p>\n
collection.insert_one({'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25})<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u722c\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\nimport numpy as np<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\ndata = pd.read_csv('data.csv')<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/strong><\/h2>\ndata.dropna(inplace=True)<\/p>\n
data['Age'] = data['Age'].astype(int)<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\nmean_age = data['Age'].mean()<\/p>\n
print(f'\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84: {mean_age}')<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\ndata.hist(column='Age')<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u722c\u866b\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u591a\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\nimport requests<\/p>\n
def fetch_url(url):<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
urls = ['http:\/\/example.com\/page1', 'http:\/\/example.com\/page2', 'http:\/\/example.com\/page3']<\/p>\n
threads = []<\/p>\n
for url in urls:<\/p>\n
thread = threading.Thread(target=fetch_url, args=(url,))<\/p>\n
thread.start()<\/p>\n
threads.append(thread)<\/p>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
thread.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514dGIL\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import multiprocessing<\/p>\nimport requests<\/p>\n
def fetch_url(url):<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
urls = ['http:\/\/example.com\/page1', 'http:\/\/example.com\/page2', 'http:\/\/example.com\/page3']<\/p>\n
processes = []<\/p>\n
for url in urls:<\/p>\n
process = multiprocessing.Process(target=fetch_url, args=(url,))<\/p>\n
process.start()<\/p>\n
processes.append(process)<\/p>\n
for process in processes:<\/p>\n
process.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528APScheduler\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler<\/p>\nimport requests<\/p>\n
def fetch_url():<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
scheduler = BlockingScheduler()<\/p>\n
scheduler.add_job(fetch_url, 'interval', minutes=1)<\/p>\n
scheduler.start()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u722c\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u722c\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5904\u7406\uff0cPython\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u722c\u866b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e94\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u722c\u53d6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u722c\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u5305\u62ecBeautiful Soup\u3001Scrapy\u548cRequests\u3002Beautiful Soup\u9002\u5408\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff1bScrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u5907\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff1bRequests\u5e93\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\u5728\u722c\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/strong>
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