{"id":1171889,"date":"2025-01-15T16:41:19","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1171889.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T16:41:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:41:22","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8c-%e7%9a%84%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1171889.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528c \u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528c<\/p>\n

Python\u8c03\u7528C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u3001cffi\u3001SWIG\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cctypes\u548ccffi\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800cSWIG\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u5219\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u8c03\u7528C\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

ctypes\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8c03\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684C\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u8c03\u7528C\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684C\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684C\u7a0b\u5e8fexample.c<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\/\/ example.c<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
void hello() {<\/p>\n
    printf("Hello from C!\\n");<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
int add(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n
    return a + b;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd9\u4e2aC\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff08\u5728Linux\u4e0a\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -o libexample.so -fPIC example.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u5e76\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example = ctypes.CDLL('.\/libexample.so')<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528hello\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example.hello()<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528add\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.add(2, 3)<\/p>\n
print(f"Result of add: {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u5e76\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\u3002ctypes\u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cdC\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528cffi\u8c03\u7528C\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
cffi\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0ectypes\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aexample.c<\/code>\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e86libexample.so<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528cffi\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u5e76\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528cffi\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from cffi import FFI<\/p>\n
ffi = FFI()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49C\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ffi.cdef("""<\/p>\n
    void hello();<\/p>\n
    int add(int a, int b);<\/p>\n
""")<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example = ffi.dlopen('.\/libexample.so')<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528hello\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example.hello()<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528add\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.add(2, 3)<\/p>\n
print(f"Result of add: {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
cffi\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8ectypes\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684C\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SWIG\u751f\u6210Python\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SWIG\uff08Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5C\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210Python\u7684C\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u4e00\u4e2aSWIG\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cexample.c<\/code>\u548cexample.i<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ example.c<\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
void hello() {<\/p>\n
    printf("Hello from C!\\n");<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
int add(int a, int b) {<\/p>\n
    return a + b;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ example.i<\/p>\n
%module example<\/p>\n
%{<\/p>\n
#include "example.c"<\/p>\n
%}<\/p>\n
void hello();<\/p>\n
int add(int a, int b);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528SWIG\u751f\u6210Python\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5e76\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SWIG\u751f\u6210Python\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
swig -python -o example_wrap.c example.i<\/p>\n
gcc -shared -o _example.so example.c example_wrap.c -I\/usr\/include\/python3.8<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import example<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528hello\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example.hello()<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528add\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.add(2, 3)<\/p>\n
print(f"Result of add: {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SWIG\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cfC\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u5de5\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6700\u590d\u6742\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u590d\u6742\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u548cPython\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u7f16\u5199C\u4ee3\u7801\u548cPython\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cexample.c<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
#include <Python.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49hello\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668<\/p>\n
static PyObject* py_hello(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) {<\/p>\n
    printf("Hello from C!\\n");<\/p>\n
    Py_RETURN_NONE;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49add\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668<\/p>\n
static PyObject* py_add(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) {<\/p>\n
    int a, b;<\/p>\n
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &a, &b)) {<\/p>\n
        return NULL;<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    int result = a + b;<\/p>\n
    return Py_BuildValue("i", result);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868<\/p>\n
static PyMethodDef ExampleMethods[] = {<\/p>\n
    {"hello", py_hello, METH_NOARGS, "Print hello from C"},<\/p>\n
    {"add", py_add, METH_VARARGS, "Add two integers"},<\/p>\n
    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n
static struct PyModuleDef examplemodule = {<\/p>\n
    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,<\/p>\n
    "example",<\/p>\n
    NULL,<\/p>\n
    -1,<\/p>\n
    ExampleMethods<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n
PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_example(void) {<\/p>\n
    return PyModule_Create(&examplemodule);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199setup.py<\/code>\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from distutils.core import setup, Extension<\/p>\n
module = Extension('example', sources=['example.c'])<\/p>\n
setup(name='ExampleModule',<\/p>\n
      version='1.0',<\/p>\n
      description='This is a demo package',<\/p>\n
      ext_modules=[module])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8bd1\u751f\u6210\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python setup.py build<\/p>\n
python setup.py install<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528C\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import example<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528hello\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
example.hello()<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528add\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = example.add(2, 3)<\/p>\n
print(f"Result of add: {result}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u867d\u7136\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u548c\u590d\u6742\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Python\u8c03\u7528C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1actypes\u3001cffi\u3001SWIG\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u3002ctypes\u548ccffi\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u7b80\u5355C\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6613\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1bSWIG\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cfC\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong>\uff1b\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u590d\u6742\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u590d\u6742\u4f46\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5229\u7528C\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528C\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u3001cffi\u6216\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u3002ctypes\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u800ccffi\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684C\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u7f16\u5199Python\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u9700\u8981\u5bf9Python\u7684C API\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528C\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u7f16\u8bd1\u9009\u9879\uff1f<\/strong>
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