{"id":1173017,"date":"2025-01-15T16:57:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:57:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1173017.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T16:57:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:57:44","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e4%b9%b0%e4%ba%ac%e4%b8%9c%e8%8c%85%e5%8f%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1173017.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u4e70\u4eac\u4e1c\u8305\u53f0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u4e70\u4eac\u4e1c\u8305\u53f0\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u7528Python\u4e70\u4eac\u4e1c\u8305\u53f0\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4eac\u4e1c\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4eac\u4e1cAPI\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55<\/strong>\u662f\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eac\u4e1c\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u8d26\u53f7\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4eac\u4e1c\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u5982Selenium\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u4eac\u4e1c\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.get("https:\/\/passport.jd.com\/new\/login.aspx")<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
username = driver.find_element_by_id("loginname")<\/p>\n
password = driver.find_element_by_id("nloginpwd")<\/p>\n
username.send_keys("your_username")<\/p>\n
password.send_keys("your_password")<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355<\/strong><\/h2>\n
password.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4eac\u4e1c\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528OCR\uff08\u5149\u5b66\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u6280\u672f\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002Tesseract\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684OCR\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528Python\u7684Pytesseract\u5e93\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytesseract<\/p>\n
from PIL import Image<\/p>\n
\u622a\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_image = driver.find_element_by_id("captcha_image")<\/p>\n
captcha_image.screenshot("captcha.png")<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Pytesseract\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(Image.open("captcha.png"))<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_input = driver.find_element_by_id("authcode")<\/p>\n
captcha_input.send_keys(captcha_text)<\/p>\n
captcha_input.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4eac\u4e1c\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u62a2\u8d2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u5546\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684schedule<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import schedule<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def check_product():<\/p>\n
    # \u6253\u5f00\u5546\u54c1\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n
    driver.get("https:\/\/item.jd.com\/100012043978.html")<\/p>\n
    # \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70<\/p>\n
    buy_button = driver.find_element_by_id("InitCartUrl")<\/p>\n
    if buy_button.is_enabled():<\/p>\n
        buy_button.click()<\/p>\n
        print("\u5546\u54c1\u5df2\u8d2d\u4e70")<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print("\u5546\u54c1\u4e0d\u53ef\u8d2d\u4e70")<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u6b21<\/strong><\/h2>\n
schedule.every(1).minutes.do(check_product)<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    schedule.run_pending()<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u811a\u672c\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)<\/p>\n
def login():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        # \u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
        driver.get("https:\/\/passport.jd.com\/new\/login.aspx")<\/p>\n
        username = driver.find_element_by_id("loginname")<\/p>\n
        password = driver.find_element_by_id("nloginpwd")<\/p>\n
        username.send_keys("your_username")<\/p>\n
        password.send_keys("your_password")<\/p>\n
        password.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
        logging.error(f"\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25: {e}")<\/p>\n
        driver.quit()<\/p>\n
def check_product():<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        driver.get("https:\/\/item.jd.com\/100012043978.html")<\/p>\n
        buy_button = driver.find_element_by_id("InitCartUrl")<\/p>\n
        if buy_button.is_enabled():<\/p>\n
            buy_button.click()<\/p>\n
            logging.info("\u5546\u54c1\u5df2\u8d2d\u4e70")<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            logging.info("\u5546\u54c1\u4e0d\u53ef\u8d2d\u4e70")<\/p>\n
    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
        logging.error(f"\u68c0\u67e5\u5546\u54c1\u5931\u8d25: {e}")<\/p>\n
login()<\/p>\n
schedule.every(1).minutes.do(check_product)<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    schedule.run_pending()<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4eac\u4e1cAPI<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u4eac\u4e1c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u7684API\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6293\u5305\u5de5\u5177\u5982Fiddler\u6216Wireshark\u5206\u6790\u4eac\u4e1c\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5173\u952e\u7684API\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u767b\u5f55\u4eac\u4e1c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
login_url = "https:\/\/passport.jd.com\/new\/login.aspx"<\/p>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
response = session.get(login_url)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u767b\u5f55\u8868\u5355\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
login_data = {<\/p>\n
    "username": "your_username",<\/p>\n
    "password": "your_password"<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = session.post(login_url, data=login_data)<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if "success" in response.text:<\/p>\n
    print("\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25")<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u5546\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8d2d\u4e70<\/strong><\/h2>\n
product_url = "https:\/\/item.jd.com\/100012043978.html"<\/p>\n
response = session.get(product_url)<\/p>\n
if "\u53ef\u8d2d\u4e70" in response.text:<\/p>\n
    # \u53d1\u9001\u8d2d\u4e70\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
    buy_url = "https:\/\/cart.jd.com\/gate.action"<\/p>\n
    response = session.post(buy_url)<\/p>\n
    if "success" in response.text:<\/p>\n
        print("\u5546\u54c1\u5df2\u8d2d\u4e70")<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print("\u8d2d\u4e70\u5931\u8d25")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u5546\u54c1\u4e0d\u53ef\u8d2d\u4e70")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002Python\u7684threading<\/code>\u548cmultiprocessing<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
def task():<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        check_product()<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
threads = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
    thread = threading.Thread(target=task)<\/p>\n
    thread.start()<\/p>\n
    threads.append(thread)<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
    thread.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import multiprocessing<\/p>\n
def task():<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        check_product()<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
processes = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
    process = multiprocessing.Process(target=task)<\/p>\n
    process.start()<\/p>\n
    processes.append(process)<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for process in processes:<\/p>\n
    process.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u5bf9\u7b56<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u4eac\u4e1c\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    "http": "http:\/\/your_proxy_ip:your_proxy_port",<\/p>\n
    "https": "http:\/\/your_proxy_ip:your_proxy_port"<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(product_url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/91.0.4472.124 Safari\/537.36",<\/p>\n
    "Referer": "https:\/\/www.jd.com"<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = session.get(product_url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528Python\u81ea\u52a8\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eac\u4e1c\u8305\u53f0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55<\/strong>\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u3001requests\u5e93\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8d2d\u4e70\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0b\u5355\u8d2d\u4e70\u4eac\u4e1c\u4e0a\u7684\u8305\u53f0\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
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