{"id":1174112,"date":"2025-01-15T17:12:44","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:12:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1174112.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T17:12:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:12:57","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%86%99sql%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1174112.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5199sql\u8bed\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5199sql\u8bed\u8a00\"<\/p>\n

Python\u7f16\u5199SQL\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM<\/strong>\u6700\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u79cdPython SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548cORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684Python DBAPI\u548cSQL\u8868\u8fbe\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4ee5\u539f\u751fSQL\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528create_engine<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aSQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@hostname\/database_name')<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2:\/\/username:password@hostname\/database_name')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Schema\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49Python\u7c7b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5e94\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
    def __repr__(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"<User(name='{self.name}', age='{self.age}')>"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aUser<\/code>\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684users<\/code>\u8868\u3002\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5bf9\u5e94User<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Base.metadata.create_all<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aSession\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aSession\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/h2>\n
new_user = User(name='John Doe', age=30)<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230Session<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.add(new_user)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
users = session.query(User).all()<\/p>\n
for user in users:<\/p>\n
    print(user)<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/h2>\n
user = session.query(User).filter_by(name='John Doe').first()<\/p>\n
print(user)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5e74\u9f84<\/p>\n
user = session.query(User).filter_by(name='John Doe').first()<\/p>\n
user.age = 31<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
user = session.query(User).filter_by(name='John Doe').first()<\/p>\n
session.delete(user)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751fSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1ORM\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u539f\u751fSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528engine.execute<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u539f\u751fSQL\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u539f\u751fSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n
result = engine.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
for row in result:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u64cd\u4f5cSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u5e93\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u64cd\u4f5cSQL\u3002Pandas\u7684read_sql<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4eceSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aDataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230DataFrame<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.read_sql('SELECT * FROM users', engine)<\/p>\n
print(df)<\/p>\n
\u5c06DataFrame\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df.to_sql('users', engine, if_exists='replace', index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002SQLAlchemy\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u539f\u751fSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3aPython\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08Relationships\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002SQLAlchemy\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u3001\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship<\/p>\n
class Address(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'addresses'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    emAI<\/a>l_address = Column(String, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))<\/p>\n
    user = relationship("User", back_populates="addresses")<\/p>\n
User.addresses = relationship("Address", order_by=Address.id, back_populates="user")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aAddress<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728User<\/code>\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aaddresses<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u3002addresses<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u7684Session\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Session\u7684begin<\/code>\u3001commit<\/code>\u548crollback<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    session.begin()<\/p>\n
    new_user = User(name='Jane Doe', age=25)<\/p>\n
    session.add(new_user)<\/p>\n
    session.commit()<\/p>\n
except:<\/p>\n
    session.rollback()<\/p>\n
    raise<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u652f\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5f15\u64ce\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@hostname\/database_name', pool_size=10, max_overflow=20)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6280\u5de7\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528add_all<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528lazy='subquery'<\/code>\u6216lazy='joined'<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u6765\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5173\u8054\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u589e\u52a0\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/username:password@hostname\/database_name', pool_size=10, max_overflow=20)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5341\u4e00\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import os<\/p>\n
      from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
      DATABASE_URL = os.getenv('DATABASE_URL')<\/p>\n
      engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528Alembic\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002Alembic\u662fSQLAlchemy\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5Alembic\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install alembic<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316Alembic\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      alembic init alembic<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91alembic.ini<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      # \u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
      sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:\/\/\/example.db<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      alembic revision --autogenerate -m "create users table"<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      alembic upgrade head<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199SQL\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002SQLAlchemy\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u539f\u751fSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3aPython\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199SQL\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
       \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982sqlite3<\/code>\u3001MySQL Connector<\/code>\u3001SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5sqlite3<\/code>\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528cursor()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684execute()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
      Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e8b\u9879\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u5728\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08with\u8bed\u53e5\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6e38\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
      Python\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u6267\u884c\u5b8cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684fetchone()<\/code>\u3001fetchall()<\/code>\u6216fetchmany(size)<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002fetchone()<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de\u5355\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cfetchall()<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cfetchmany(size)<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u7f16\u5199SQL\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u3001\u4f7f […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1174128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174112"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1174112"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1174129,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174112\/revisions\/1174129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1174128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1174112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1174112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1174112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}