{"id":1175493,"date":"2025-01-15T17:32:47","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1175493.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T17:32:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:32:50","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1175493.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u8bed\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u8bed\u6cd5\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528readline()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed3\u5408open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

file_object = open(file_name, mode)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cfile_name<\/code>\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0cmode<\/code>\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • 'r'<\/code>\uff1a\u4ee5\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'w'<\/code>\uff1a\u4ee5\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'a'<\/code>\uff1a\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'b'<\/code>\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 't'<\/code>\uff1a\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    with open(file_name, mode) as file_object:<\/p>\n
        # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        content = file.read()<\/p>\n
        print(content)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    content = file_object.read()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        content = file.read()<\/p>\n
        print(content)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528readline()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    readline()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    line = file_object.readline()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9010\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        while True:<\/p>\n
            line = file.readline()<\/p>\n
            if not line:<\/p>\n
                break<\/p>\n
            print(line.strip())<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    lines = file_object.readlines()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        lines = file.readlines()<\/p>\n
        for line in lines:<\/p>\n
            print(line.strip())<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684os.path<\/code>\u76f8\u5173\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import os<\/p>\n
    file_path = os.path.join('folder', 'example.txt')<\/p>\n
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        content = file.read()<\/p>\n
        print(content)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528'rb'<\/code>\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('example.jpg', 'rb') as file:<\/p>\n
        binary_content = file.read()<\/p>\n
        print(binary_content)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516b\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5f02\u5e38<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
            content = file.read()<\/p>\n
            print(content)<\/p>\n
    except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n
        print("File not found.")<\/p>\n
    except PermissionError:<\/p>\n
        print("Permission denied.")<\/p>\n
    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
        print(f"An error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e5d\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('large_file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        for line in file:<\/p>\n
            process(line)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    def read_in_chunks(file_object, chunk_size=1024):<\/p>\n
        while True:<\/p>\n
            data = file_object.read(chunk_size)<\/p>\n
            if not data:<\/p>\n
                break<\/p>\n
            yield data<\/p>\n
    with open('large_file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        for chunk in read_in_chunks(file):<\/p>\n
            process(chunk)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u548copen()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u3001readline()<\/code>\u3001readlines()<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709'r'\uff08\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u3001'w'\uff08\u5199\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8986\u76d6\uff09\u3001'a'\uff08\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aopen('file.txt', 'r')<\/code>\u5c06\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5c06\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528close()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u907f\u514d\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u5173\u95ed\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:\n    content = file.read()\n# \u6b64\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668with\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528read()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1175503,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175493"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1175493"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1175507,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175493\/revisions\/1175507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1175503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1175493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1175493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1175493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}