{"id":1179885,"date":"2025-01-15T18:30:01","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1179885.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T18:30:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:30:03","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%af%b9%e5%9b%be%e5%83%8f%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1179885.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528OpenCV\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PIL\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5229\u7528scikit-image\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4f7f\u7528matplotlib\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cOpenCV<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff1bPIL\uff08Pillow\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1bscikit-image<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1bmatplotlib<\/strong>\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528OpenCV\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

OpenCV\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u5e93\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0e\u663e\u793a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528OpenCV\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5OpenCV\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install opencv-python<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cv2.imread<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cv2.imshow<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import cv2<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = cv2.imread('path\/to\/your\/image.jpg')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cv2.imshow('Image', image)<\/p>\n
cv2.wAI<\/a>tKey(0)<\/p>\n
cv2.destroyAllWindows()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7f29\u653e\u4e0e\u65cb\u8f6c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u56fe\u50cf\u7f29\u653e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cv2.resize<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u65cb\u8f6c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cv2.getRotationMatrix2D<\/code>\u548ccv2.warpAffine<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u7f29\u653e\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n
resized_image = cv2.resize(image, (width, height))<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u65cb\u8f6c\u77e9\u9635<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rotation_matrix = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, scale)<\/p>\n
\u65cb\u8f6c\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rotated_image = cv2.warpAffine(image, rotation_matrix, (width, height))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
OpenCV\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4eceBGR\u5230\u7070\u5ea6\u3001\u4eceBGR\u5230HSV\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528cv2.cvtColor<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n
gray_image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aHSV\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
hsv_image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u5e73\u6ed1\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u56fe\u50cf\u5e73\u6ed1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u65af\u6ee4\u6ce2\u3001\u5747\u503c\u6ee4\u6ce2\u7b49\u3002\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Canny\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u9ad8\u65af\u6ee4\u6ce2<\/p>\n
blurred_image = cv2.GaussianBlur(image, (5, 5), 0)<\/p>\n
Canny\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
edges = cv2.Canny(image, 100, 200)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PIL\uff08Pillow\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Pillow\u662fPython Imaging Library\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0e\u663e\u793a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Pillow\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install Pillow<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Image.open<\/code>\u548cshow<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from PIL import Image<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = Image.open('path\/to\/your\/image.jpg')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7f29\u653e\u4e0e\u65cb\u8f6c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pillow\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86resize<\/code>\u548crotate<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u7f29\u653e\u548c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u7f29\u653e\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n
resized_image = image.resize((width, height))<\/p>\n
\u65cb\u8f6c\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rotated_image = image.rotate(angle)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pillow\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7convert<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u56fe\u50cf\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n
gray_image = image.convert('L')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u6ee4\u6ce2<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pillow\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6a21\u7cca\u6ee4\u6ce2\u3001\u8f6e\u5ed3\u6ee4\u6ce2\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ImageFilter<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from PIL import ImageFilter<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u7cca\u6ee4\u6ce2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
blurred_image = image.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)<\/p>\n
\u8f6e\u5ed3\u6ee4\u6ce2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
contour_image = image.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528scikit-image\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
scikit-image\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eNumPy\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0e\u663e\u793a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5scikit-image\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install scikit-image<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528io.imread<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528io.imshow<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from skimage import io<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = io.imread('path\/to\/your\/image.jpg')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
io.imshow(image)<\/p>\n
io.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7f29\u653e\u4e0e\u65cb\u8f6c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
scikit-image\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86transform<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u7f29\u653e\u548c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from skimage import transform<\/p>\n
\u7f29\u653e\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
resized_image = transform.resize(image, (width, height))<\/p>\n
\u65cb\u8f6c\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rotated_image = transform.rotate(image, angle)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
scikit-image\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86color<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4eceRGB\u5230\u7070\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from skimage import color<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
gray_image = color.rgb2gray(image)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u6ee4\u6ce2\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
scikit-image\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u65af\u6ee4\u6ce2\u3001Canny\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from skimage import filters, feature<\/p>\n
\u9ad8\u65af\u6ee4\u6ce2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
blurred_image = filters.gaussian(image, sigma=1)<\/p>\n
Canny\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
edges = feature.canny(image, sigma=1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528matplotlib\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
matplotlib\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5e93\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u663e\u793a\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0e\u663e\u793a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5matplotlib\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install matplotlib<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528plt.imread<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528plt.imshow<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
image = plt.imread('path\/to\/your\/image.jpg')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.imshow(image)<\/p>\n
plt.axis('off')<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u7f29\u653e\u4e0e\u65cb\u8f6c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136matplotlib\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9NumPy\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u7f29\u653e\u548c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import numpy as np<\/p>\n
\u7f29\u653e\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
resized_image = np.array(Image.fromarray(image).resize((width, height)))<\/p>\n
\u65cb\u8f6c\u56fe\u50cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rotated_image = np.array(Image.fromarray(image).rotate(angle))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528matplotlib\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5cNumPy\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u989c\u8272\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7070\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf<\/p>\n
gray_image = np.dot(image[..., :3], [0.299, 0.587, 0.114])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u6ee4\u6ce2\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9scipy\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u50cf\u6ee4\u6ce2\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from scipy import ndimage<\/p>\n
\u9ad8\u65af\u6ee4\u6ce2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
blurred_image = ndimage.gaussian_filter(image, sigma=1)<\/p>\n
\u8fb9\u7f18\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
edges = ndimage.sobel(image)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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 Python\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
Python \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u5305\u62ec OpenCV\u3001Pillow \u548c scikit-image\u3002OpenCV \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u3002Pillow \u662f Python Imaging Library \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u50cf\u3002scikit-image \u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
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