{"id":1184449,"date":"2025-01-15T19:26:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1184449.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T19:26:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:26:37","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0python%e4%b8%ad%e4%bb%bb%e6%84%8f%e8%b5%8b%e5%80%bc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1184449.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0python\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0python\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u89e3\u5305\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/strong> \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u89e3\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

a, b, c = 1, 2, 3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ca\u5176\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u89e3\u5305<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u53d8\u91cf\u89e3\u5305\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u591a\u91cd\u8d4b\u503c\uff09\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
a, b = 1, 2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def get_coordinates():<\/p>\n
    return 4, 5<\/p>\n
x, y = get_coordinates()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cx<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a4\uff0cy<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u89e3\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5d4c\u5957\u89e3\u5305\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u5305\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u89e3\u5305\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = (1, (2, 3), 4)<\/p>\n
a, (b, c), d = data<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\uff0cd<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5305\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
a, *b, c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a[2, 3, 4]\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5b9a\u957f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u7ec4\u548c\u5217\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5143\u7ec4\u548c\u5217\u8868\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u6216\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5143\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = (1, 2, 3)<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u5143\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5217\u8868\u8d4b\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5143\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u5217\u8868\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5b57\u5178\u8d4b\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u5b57\u5178\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data['a'], data['b'], data['c']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data.values()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u548c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u8d4b\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Data:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):<\/p>\n
        self.a = a<\/p>\n
        self.b = b<\/p>\n
        self.c = c<\/p>\n
data = Data(1, 2, 3)<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data.a, data.b, data.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528@property\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
@property\u662fPython\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528@property\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Data:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):<\/p>\n
        self._a = a<\/p>\n
        self._b = b<\/p>\n
        self._c = c<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def a(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._a<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def b(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._b<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def c(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._c<\/p>\n
data = Data(1, 2, 3)<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data.a, data.b, data.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528@property\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8d4b\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Data:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):<\/p>\n
        self.a = a<\/p>\n
        self.b = b<\/p>\n
        self.c = c<\/p>\n
data = Data(1, 2, 3)<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data.a, data.b, data.c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528__getitem__\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0__getitem__\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u50cf\u5b57\u5178\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Data:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):<\/p>\n
        self.data = {'a': a, 'b': b, 'c': c}<\/p>\n
    def __getitem__(self, key):<\/p>\n
        return self.data[key]<\/p>\n
data = Data(1, 2, 3)<\/p>\n
a, b, c = data['a'], data['b'], data['c']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ca<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0cb<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a2\uff0cc<\/code>\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528__getitem__\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u4fbf\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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\u53d8\u91cf\u89e3\u5305<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5143\u7ec4\u548c\u5217\u8868<\/strong>\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5143\u7ec4\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong>\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u4f7f\u7528locals()<\/code>\u6216globals()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178variables<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7variables['var_name'] = value<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/strong>
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