{"id":154316,"date":"2024-05-08T11:30:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T03:30:11","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-05-08T11:30:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T03:30:14","slug":"%e5%9c%a8-javascript-%e4%b8%ad%ef%bc%8c%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/154316.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5728<\/p>\n

\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\u3001\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\u3001\u539f\u578b\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\u3001\u548c\u5bc4\u751f\u7ec4\u5408\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u5177\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u9700\u6c42\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u6307\u5411\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u539f\u578b\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7ee7\u627f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u3002\u5f53\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u5176\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u5411\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u8fbe\u5230\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u9876\u7aef\u3002\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

function Parent() {<\/p>\n
    this.parentProperty = true;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
Parent.prototype.getParentProperty = function() {<\/p>\n
    return this.parentProperty;<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
function Child() {<\/p>\n
    this.childProperty = false;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ee7\u627f\u81eaParent<\/p>\n
Child.prototype = new Parent();<\/p>\n
var instance = new Child();<\/p>\n
console.log(instance.getParentProperty());  \/\/ true<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u5927\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u7236\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u53c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u501f\u52a9call()<\/code>\u6216apply()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
function Parent(name) {<\/p>\n
    this.name = name || 'Parent';<\/p>\n
    this.colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
function Child(name) {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u7ee7\u627f\u81eaParent\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u53c2<\/p>\n
    Parent.call(this, name);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
var instance1 = new Child('Child1');<\/p>\n
var instance2 = new Child('Child2');<\/p>\n
instance1.colors.push('black');<\/p>\n
console.log(instance1.colors); \/\/ ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'black']<\/p>\n
console.log(instance2.colors); \/\/ ['red', 'blue', 'green']<\/p>\n
console.log(instance1.name); \/\/ Child1<\/p>\n
console.log(instance2.name); \/\/ Child2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5411\u7236\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ec4\u5408\u7ee7\u627f\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u6df7\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u662fJavaScript\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
function Parent(name) {<\/p>\n
    this.name = name;<\/p>\n
    this.colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
Parent.prototype.getName = function() {<\/p>\n
    return this.name;<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
function Child(name, age) {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n
    Parent.call(this, name);<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u65b0\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n
    this.age = age;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
Child.prototype = new Parent();<\/p>\n
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;<\/p>\n
Child.prototype.getAge = function() {<\/p>\n
    return this.age;<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
var instance = new Child('Nicholas', 29);<\/p>\n
console.log(instance.getName()); \/\/ Nicholas<\/p>\n
console.log(instance.getAge()); \/\/ 29<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ec4\u5408\u7ee7\u627f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u548c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6548\u7387\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u539f\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u539f\u578b\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Douglas Crockford\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u578b\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u514b\u9686\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u3002ECMAScript 5\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u589eObject.create()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e86\u539f\u578b\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var person = {<\/p>\n
    name: 'Nicholas',<\/p>\n
    friends: ['Shelby', 'Court', 'Van']<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
var anotherPerson = Object.create(person);<\/p>\n
anotherPerson.name = 'Greg';<\/p>\n
anotherPerson.friends.push('Rob');<\/p>\n
var yetAnotherPerson = Object.create(person);<\/p>\n
yetAnotherPerson.name = 'Linda';<\/p>\n
yetAnotherPerson.friends.push('Barbie');<\/p>\n
console.log(person.friends); \/\/ ["Shelby", "Court", "Van", "Rob", "Barbie"]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bc4\u751f\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u539f\u578b\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u539f\u578b\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
function createAnother(original){<\/p>\n
    var clone = Object.create(original); \/\/ \u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
    clone.sayHi = function() { \/\/ \u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
        console.log('hi');<\/p>\n
    };<\/p>\n
    return clone;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
var person = {<\/p>\n
    name: 'Nicholas',<\/p>\n
    friends: ['Shelby', 'Court', 'Van']<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
var anotherPerson = createAnother(person);<\/p>\n
anotherPerson.sayHi(); \/\/ 'hi'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7ed9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6dfb\u52a0\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u539f\u578b\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u7ec4\u5408\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bc4\u751f\u7ec4\u5408\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u5bf9\u7ec4\u5408\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u501f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u6df7\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u539f\u578b\u800c\u8c03\u7528\u8d85\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u7c7b\u578b\u539f\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
function inheritPrototype(subType, superType){<\/p>\n
    var prototype = Object.create(superType.prototype); \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
    prototype.constructor = subType; \/\/ \u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
    subType.prototype = prototype; \/\/ \u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
function SuperType(name){<\/p>\n
    this.name = name;<\/p>\n
    this.colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
SuperType.prototype.sayName = function(){<\/p>\n
    console.log(this.name);<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
function SubType(name, age){<\/p>\n
    SuperType.call(this, name);<\/p>\n
    this.age = age;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
inheritPrototype(SubType, SuperType);<\/p>\n
SubType.prototype.sayAge = function(){<\/p>\n
    console.log(this.age);<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
var instance = new SubType('Nicholas', 29);<\/p>\n
instance.sayName(); \/\/ Nicholas<\/p>\n
instance.sayAge(); \/\/ 29<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bc4\u751f\u7ec4\u5408\u5f0f\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7c7b\u578b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21SuperType\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5728SubType.prototype\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3001\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u8fd8\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528instanceof\u548cisPrototypeOf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. JavaScript\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
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2. JavaScript\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u9664\u4e86\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528call<\/code>\u6216apply<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
3. JavaScript\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u6df7\u5408\u7ee7\u627f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
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