{"id":158255,"date":"2024-05-08T12:46:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T04:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/158255.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T12:46:50","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T04:46:50","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%8e%9f%e7%94%9f-javascript-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0-ajax-%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/158255.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f JavaScript \u5b9e\u73b0 Ajax \u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751fJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0Ajax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u521b\u5efaXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97Web\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u90e8\u5206\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efaXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0Ajax\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002XMLHttpRequest\u662fAjax\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\uff0c\u4ee5JavaScript\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u80cc\u540e\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u6216HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u521b\u5efaXMLHTTPREQUEST\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efaXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u53d1\u8d77Ajax\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efaXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528new XMLHttpRequest()<\/code>\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

function createXHR() {<\/p>\n
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { \/\/ IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari<\/p>\n
        return new XMLHttpRequest();<\/p>\n
    } else { \/\/ IE6, IE5<\/p>\n
        return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u73af\u5883\u521b\u5efa\u9002\u914d\u7684XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u786e\u4fddAjax\u8bf7\u6c42\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efaXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982GET\u6216POST\uff09\u3001URL\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u6b65\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var xhr = createXHR();<\/p>\n
xhr.open("GET", "server.php", true);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728open<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08"GET"\u6216"POST"\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662fPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u5728send<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.send();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8ePOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application\/x-www-form-urlencoded");<\/p>\n
xhr.send("name=value&anothername=" + encodeURIComponent(anotherValue));<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eonreadystatechange<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {<\/p>\n
    if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {<\/p>\n
        var response = xhr.responseText;<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.readyState<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a4\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e14\u54cd\u5e94\u5df2\u5c31\u7eea\uff0cxhr.status<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a200\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u539f\u751fJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0Ajax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fAjax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751fJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ajax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u66f4\u65b0\u90e8\u5206\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u539f\u751fJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0Ajax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751fJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0Ajax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528XMLHttpRequest\u7684open\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\uff08GET\u6216POST\uff09\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6ce8\u518c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528XMLHttpRequest\u7684send\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\nxhr.open('GET', 'http:\/\/example.com\/api', true);\nxhr.onreadystatechange = function(){\n    if(xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && xhr.status === 200){\n        const response = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);\n        \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\n    }\n};\nxhr.send();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406Ajax\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751fJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0Ajax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u518conerror\u548contimeout\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1onerror\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1ontimeout\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\nxhr.open('GET', 'http:\/\/example.com\/api', true);\nxhr.onreadystatechange = function(){\n    if(xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE){\n        if(xhr.status === 200){\n            const response = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);\n            \/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\n        }else{\n            \/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\n        }\n    }\n};\nxhr.onerror = function(){\n    \/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\n};\nxhr.ontimeout = function(){\n    \/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u65f6\u95ee\u9898\n};\nxhr.send();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751fJavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0Ajax\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u521b\u5efaXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u914d […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":158269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158255"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=158255"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158255\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/158269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=158255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=158255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=158255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}