{"id":159671,"date":"2024-05-08T13:14:54","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T05:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/159671.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T13:15:00","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T05:15:00","slug":"%e5%89%8d%e7%ab%af-javascript-%e4%b8%ad%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8-ajax-%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96%e5%93%8d%e5%ba%94%e6%8a%a5%e6%96%87%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/159671.html","title":{"rendered":"\u524d\u7aef javascript \u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u5229\u7528 ajax \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u524d\u7aef<\/p>\n

\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Ajax\uff08Asynchronous JavaScript And XML)<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u5728\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u90e8\u5206\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548cURL\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff08readyState<\/code>\uff09\u548c<\/strong>\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\uff08responseText<\/code> \u6216 responseXML<\/code>\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u7801readyState<\/code>\u4e3a4\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u5df2\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7responseText<\/code>\u6216responseXML<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7528Javascript\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e\u3001\u66f4\u65b0HTML DOM\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u521b\u5efa XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Ajax \u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u521b\u5efa XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ca\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

var xhr;<\/p>\n
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u5bf9\u4e8e IE7+\u3001Firefox\u3001Chrome\u3001Opera\u3001Safari<\/p>\n
    xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();<\/p>\n
} else {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u9488\u5bf9 IE6, IE5<\/p>\n
    xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5bf9 XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u548cURL\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa\u4e86 XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b(GET\u6216POST)\u3001URL\u548c\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u6b65\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.open("GET", "your-url-here", true);<\/p>\n
xhr.send();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u8d44\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7open<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528send<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662fPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728send<\/code>\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5229\u7528onreadystatechange<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {<\/p>\n
    if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
        var responseData = xhr.responseText;<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9responseData\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f53readyState<\/code>\u4e3a4\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u54cd\u5e94\u5df2\u5c31\u7eea\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0cstatus<\/code>\u4e3a200\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6210\u529f\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7responseText<\/code>\u6216responseXML<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5f02\u6b65 VS \u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Ajax \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.open("GET", "your-url-here", false); \/\/ \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3afalse\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u540c\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f4\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9875\u9762\u54cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u7f13\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5f02\u5e38<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.onerror = function() {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n
    console.log("\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff01");<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528onerror<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u53cd\u9988\u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Ajax\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536JSON\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u6269\u5c55\u524d\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/p>\n
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application\/json");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001JSON\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
xhr.send(JSON.stringify({name: "John", age: 30}));<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5728\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u89e3\u6790JSON<\/p>\n
var responseData = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eContent-Type<\/code>\u4e3aapplication\/json<\/code>\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528JSON.parse<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u6210JavaScript\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Ajax\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9875\u9762\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u638c\u63e1Ajax\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u4e14\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u53d1\u8d77 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u7684 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u53d1\u8d77 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 AJAX \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\nxhr.open("GET", "url");\nxhr.onreadystatechange = function() {\n    if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {\n        var response = xhr.responseText;\n        \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\n    }\n};\nxhr.send();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u5230 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 JavaScript \u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61 JSON \u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 DOM \u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e32\u67d3\u5230\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\nxhr.open("GET", "url");\nxhr.onreadystatechange = function() {\n    if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {\n        var response = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);\n        \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\n    }\n};\nxhr.send();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u53d1\u8d77 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u542c XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 error \u548c timeout \u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\nxhr.open("GET", "url");\nxhr.onerror = function() {\n    \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\n};\nxhr.ontimeout = function() {\n    \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u8d85\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\n};\nxhr.onreadystatechange = function() {\n    if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {\n        var response = xhr.responseText;\n        \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\n    }\n};\nxhr.timeout = 5000; \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a5\u79d2\nxhr.send();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Ajax\uff08Asynchronous JavaScript And XML) \u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u83b7\u53d6 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":159686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159671"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=159671"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159671\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/159686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=159671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=159671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=159671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}