{"id":167525,"date":"2024-05-08T16:04:30","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:04:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/167525.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:04:33","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:04:33","slug":"javascript%e5%88%b0%e5%ba%95%e6%98%af%e4%b8%8d%e6%98%af%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%9a%84%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/167525.html","title":{"rendered":"javascript\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/27033453\/eacc706c-ef8d-4d3a-83da-88535132ab18.webp\" alt=\"javascript\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p>JavaScript\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\u3002JavaScript\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5982Java\u6216C++\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cJavaScript\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u95ed\u5305\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7279\u6027\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001JAVASCRIPT\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>JavaScript\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u539f\u578b\u548cES6\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6765\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aJavaScript\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u8be5\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001JAVASCRIPT\u7684\u539f\u578b\u548c\u539f\u578b\u94fe<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>JavaScript\u7684\u539f\u578b\u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5176\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aJavaScript\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u578b\u3002\u5f53\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u5411\u4e0a\u67e5\u627e\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f<code>__proto__<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u5df2\u88ab\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e3a<code>Object.getPrototypeOf<\/code>\uff09\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u6784\u9020\u5668\u7684<code>prototype<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u539f\u578b\u94fe\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6784\u9020\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728ES5\u53ca\u5176\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934<\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>new<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<code>Person<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-javascript\">function Person(firstName, lastName) {<\/p>\n<p>    this.firstName = firstName;<\/p>\n<p>    this.lastName = lastName;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>var person1 = new Person(&#039;John&#039;, &#039;Doe&#039;);<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\uff0c<code>this<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528<code>new Person()<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684<code>Person<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f<code>Person.prototype<\/code>\u4e0a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001ES6 \u7c7b\u7684\u5f15\u5165<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>ES6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<code>class<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u4f20\u7edf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<strong>\u867d\u7136\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u578b\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4f7f\u5f97\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528ES6\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49<code>Person<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-javascript\">class Person {<\/p>\n<p>    constructor(firstName, lastName) {<\/p>\n<p>        this.firstName = firstName;<\/p>\n<p>        this.lastName = lastName;<\/p>\n<p>    }<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>const person1 = new Person(&#039;Jane&#039;, &#039;Doe&#039;);<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a<code>class<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c<code>constructor<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u901a\u8fc7<code>new<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u591a\u6001\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5c01\u88c5\u662fOOP\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u73b0\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6216ES6\u4e2d\u7684<code>let<\/code>\u548c<code>const<\/code>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7ee7\u627f\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u53d6\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002JavaScript\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7236\u5bf9\u8c61\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u591a\u6001\u5219\u662f\u6307\u5728\u7236\u7c7b\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u516d\u3001JavaScript\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u6001<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6001\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<code>Animal<\/code>\u7c7b\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b<code>Dog<\/code>\u548c<code>Cat<\/code>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<code>makeSound<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-javascript\">class Animal {<\/p>\n<p>    makeSound() {<\/p>\n<p>        console.log(&#039;Some sound&#039;);<\/p>\n<p>    }<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>class Dog extends Animal {<\/p>\n<p>    makeSound() {<\/p>\n<p>        console.log(&#039;Woof&#039;);<\/p>\n<p>    }<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>class Cat extends Animal {<\/p>\n<p>    makeSound() {<\/p>\n<p>        console.log(&#039;Meow&#039;);<\/p>\n<p>    }<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c<code>Dog<\/code>\u548c<code>Cat<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8c03\u7528\u7684<code>makeSound<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>JavaScript\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5229\u7528\u539f\u578b\u548c\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3001ES6\u7c7b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u6279\u3001\u548c\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528JavaScript\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. 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