{"id":168873,"date":"2024-05-08T16:33:14","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:33:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/168873.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:33:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:33:21","slug":"javascript-%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ba%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/168873.html","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u9879\u76ee\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"JavaScript<\/p>\n

\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5b83\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5360\u7528\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/strong> \u8be6\u7ec6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002\u5728JavaScript ES5\u7248\u672c\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u53caObject.create()<\/code>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u800c\u5728ES6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0cclass<\/code>\u548cextends<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4f7f\u5f97\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548cnew<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e14\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528new<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684prototype<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

function Person(name) {<\/p>\n
  this.name = name;<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
Person.prototype.sayHello = function() {<\/p>\n
  console.log('Hello, my name is ' + this.name);<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
var person1 = new Person('Alice');<\/p>\n
person1.sayHello(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Alice<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0csayHello<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230Person.prototype<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u901a\u8fc7Person<\/code>\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Object.create()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Object.create()<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aES5\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var personPrototype = {<\/p>\n
  sayHello: function() {<\/p>\n
    console.log('Hello, my name is ' + this.name);<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
var person1 = Object.create(personPrototype);<\/p>\n
person1.name = 'Alice';<\/p>\n
person1.sayHello(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Alice<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7personPrototype<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61person1<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528class<\/code>\u548cextends<\/code><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728ES6\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0cclass<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u4e86JavaScript\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person {<\/p>\n
  constructor(name) {<\/p>\n
    this.name = name;<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
  sayHello() {<\/p>\n
    console.log('Hello, my name is ' + this.name);<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
var person1 = new Person('Alice');<\/p>\n
person1.sayHello(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Alice<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u57fa\u4e8ePerson<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528extends<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Employee extends Person {<\/p>\n
  constructor(name, position) {<\/p>\n
    super(name); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
    this.position = position;<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
  showInfo() {<\/p>\n
    console.log('I am ' + this.position);<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
var employee1 = new Employee('Bob', 'Developer');<\/p>\n
employee1.sayHello(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Bob<\/p>\n
employee1.showInfo(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: I am Developer<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91ccEmployee<\/code>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaPerson<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0cEmployee<\/code>\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8bemployee1<\/code>\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86Person<\/code>\u7684sayHello<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0JavaScript\u7684\u539f\u578b\u7ee7\u627f\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u578b\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684JavaScript\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8JavaScript\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Q: \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728JavaScript\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
Q: \u5982\u4f55\u5728JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8981\u5728JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u4f7f\u7528Object.create()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5728\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5728\u5176\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u521b\u5efa\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u539f\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u539f\u578b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\nvar personPrototype = {\n  greetings: function() {\n    console.log("Hello, I'm a person.");\n  }\n};\n\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Object.create()\u65b9\u6cd5\nvar person1 = Object.create(personPrototype);\nperson1.name = "John";\nperson1.age = 30;\n\nvar person2 = Object.create(personPrototype);\nperson2.name = "Jane";\nperson2.age = 25;\n\n\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nperson1.greetings(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aHello, I'm a person.\nperson2.greetings(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aHello, I'm a person.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Q: JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5728JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u516c\u5171\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b50\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u6a21\u5757\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
    4. \u52a8\u6001\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8eJavaScript\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u539f\u578b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":168887,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168873"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168873"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168873\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/168887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=168873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=168873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}