{"id":168924,"date":"2024-05-08T16:34:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/168924.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:34:53","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:34:53","slug":"javascript-%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e8%83%bd%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8webservice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/168924.html","title":{"rendered":"javascript \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u8c03\u7528webservice"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"javascript<\/p>\n

JavaScript\u80fd\u8c03\u7528WebService\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u652f\u6301Web API\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea4\u4e92<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f02\u6b65\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u3002JavaScript\u5229\u7528XMLHttpRequest<\/strong>\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684Fetch API<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0eWebService\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5904\u7406WebService\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982XML<\/strong>\u548cJSON<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u6d01\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u800c\u5176\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Promise<\/strong>\u548casync\/awAI<\/a>t<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528WebService\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8JavaScript\u8c03\u7528WebService\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001WEB SERVICE\u8bf7\u6c42\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

JavaScript\u8c03\u7528WebService\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\u3002XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3aJavaScript\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aAPI\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u6216HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42XML\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u540d\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ecJSON\u3001HTML\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u3001URL\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u6b65\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();<\/p>\n
xhr.open('GET', 'http:\/\/example.com\/api', true);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.onload = function() {<\/p>\n
    if (xhr.status === 200) {<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
xhr.send();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528FETCH API<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch API\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3XMLHttpRequest\uff0c\u4e3aJavaScript\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9769\u65b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Fetch API<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5929\u7136\u8fd4\u56dePromise\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u8d77Fetch\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch API \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u89c2\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
fetch('http:\/\/example.com\/api')<\/p>\n
    .then(response => {<\/p>\n
        if (response.ok) {<\/p>\n
            return response.json();<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        throw new Error('Network response was not ok.');<\/p>\n
    })<\/p>\n
    .then(data => {<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    })<\/p>\n
    .catch(error => {<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
    });<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0eXMLHttpRequest\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cFetch\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
fetch('http:\/\/example.com\/api', {<\/p>\n
    method: 'POST',<\/p>\n
    headers: {<\/p>\n
        'Content-Type': 'application\/json'<\/p>\n
    },<\/p>\n
    body: JSON.stringify({key: 'value'})<\/p>\n
})<\/p>\n
.then(...)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
WebService\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56deXML\u6216JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0cJavaScript\u539f\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
JSON\u662fJavaScript Object Notation\u7684\u7b80\u5199\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0eJavaScript\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u683c\u5f0f\u3002JavaScript\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JSON.parse()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJavaScript\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var data = JSON.parse(jsonString);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5c06JavaScript\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JSON.stringify()<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var jsonString = JSON.stringify(dataObject);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406XML\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1JSON\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cWebService\u4f9d\u7136\u8fd4\u56deXML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002JavaScript\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7DOMParser<\/code>\u63a5\u53e3\u89e3\u6790XML\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var parser = new DOMParser();<\/p>\n
var xmlDoc = parser.parseFromString(xmlString, 'text\/xml');<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684JavaScript\u5e94\u7528\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65<\/strong>\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u963b\u585e\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Promise<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Promise\u662fJavaScript\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aPromise\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5355\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
}).then(value => {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n
}).catch(error => {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n
});<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Async\/Await<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Async\u548cAwait\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728Promise\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6837\u76f4\u89c2\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
async function fetchData() {<\/p>\n
    try {<\/p>\n
        let response = await fetch('http:\/\/example.com\/api');<\/p>\n
        let data = await response.json();<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    } catch (error) {<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
JavaScript\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81eaWebService\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0cJavaScript\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u968f\u7740Web\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cJavaScript\u8c03\u7528WebService\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. JavaScript\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528webservice\u670d\u52a1\uff1f<\/strong>
\nJavaScript\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528XMLHttpRequest\u6216fetch API\u6765\u8c03\u7528webservice\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bAPI\u5141\u8bb8JavaScript\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230webservice\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec8\u70b9\uff08endpoint\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528webservice\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
2. JavaScript\u8c03\u7528webservice\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u8c03\u7528webservice\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f51\u9875\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0cwebservice\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64JavaScript\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684webservice\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528webservice\uff0cJavaScript\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5237\u65b0\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n
3. JavaScript\u8c03\u7528webservice\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
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