{"id":174421,"date":"2024-05-08T18:31:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/174421.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T18:31:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:31:19","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8-python-%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e4%b8%89%e5%b1%82%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84-xml","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/174421.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528 python \u89e3\u6790\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784 XML"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/27051101\/699e0b2e-e0d7-4c51-8d53-c5df848b51e8-1.webp\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528 python \u89e3\u6790\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784 XML\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p>\u89e3\u6790\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684XML\u6587\u4ef6\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<code>xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u3001<code>lxml<\/code>\u548c<code>minidom<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<code>xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u56e0\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u548c\u5185\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u800c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664XML\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528<code>xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684XML\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528<code>xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c<strong>\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u7406\u89e3XML\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684XML\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff08root\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6700\u6df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u4e09\u7ea7\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<code>ElementTree<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684API\u6765\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u79cd\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u5143\u7d20\u6807\u7b7e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u548c\u89e3\u6790XML<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece<code>xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u5bfc\u5165ElementTree\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7dXML\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>ElementTree.parse()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230XML\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u904d\u5386\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET<\/p>\n<p>tree = ET.parse(&#039;example.xml&#039;)<\/p>\n<p>root = tree.getroot()<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b8c\u6210\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86XML\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6839\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u904d\u5386\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u8282\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u904d\u5386XML\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u5e94XML\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728<code>ElementTree<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528<code>root.iter()<\/code>\u6216<code>root.findall()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u5b50\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">for child in root:<\/p>\n<p>    print(child.tag, child.attrib)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u8282\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u65e6\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373XML\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u904d\u5386\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">for child in root:<\/p>\n<p>    for grandchild in child:<\/p>\n<p>        print(grandchild.tag, grandchild.attrib)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u8bfb\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u8282\u70b9\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7b49\u3002<code>ElementTree<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">for child in root:<\/p>\n<p>    for grandchild in child:<\/p>\n<p>        if grandchild.tag == &#039;specificTag&#039;:<\/p>\n<p>            print(grandchild.text) # \u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>            grandchild.set(&#039;newAttr&#039;, &#039;value&#039;) # \u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fee\u6539XML\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u89e3\u6790XML\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684XML\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<code>ElementTree<\/code>\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684XML\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">new_child = ET.Element(&#039;NewChild&#039;)<\/p>\n<p>new_child.text = &#039;This is a new child&#039;<\/p>\n<p>root.append(new_child)<\/p>\n<p>tree.write(&#039;modified.xml&#039;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790XML\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u751f\u6210XML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528<code>xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u6ce8\u610fXML\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u4fee\u6539XML\u6570\u636e\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406XML\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u89e3\u6790\u5d4c\u5957\u7684 XML \u7ed3\u6784\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Python \u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\u5d4c\u5957\u7684 XML \u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 lxml \u548c ElementTree\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u4f60\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f60\u5904\u7406 XML \u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u6790 XML \u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u89e3\u6790 XML\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 XPath \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u3002XPath \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728 XML \u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5bfc\u822a\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a XPath \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406 XML \u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u5e26\u6709\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684 XML \u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u89e3\u6790 XML \u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 XPath \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684 URI \u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u89e3\u6790\u4e09\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7684XML\u6587\u4ef6\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982xml.etree.ElementTree\u3001 [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":174432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174421"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=174421"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174421\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/174432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=174421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=174421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=174421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}