{"id":175005,"date":"2024-05-08T18:42:22","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/175005.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T18:42:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:42:28","slug":"python-selenium%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%81%9a%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/175005.html","title":{"rendered":"python selenium\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\uff08API\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u800cPython Selenium\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884cWeb\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u867d\u7136Selenium\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8054\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u5728Selenium\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u662f\u5c06Selenium\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\uff0cSelenium \u5f88\u5c11\u5355\u72ec\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230 Selenium \u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e3a Web \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u540e\u7aefAPI\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\uff08\u4f8b\u5982requests<\/code>\u6216\u8005http.client<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528Selenium\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u89e6\u53d1\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Selenium\u7ed3\u5408Requests\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u89e6\u53d1\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cSelenium\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9bAJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u4e8ePython\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u2014\u2014Requests\uff0c\u6765\u76d1\u542c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528Selenium\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u94ae\uff0c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684API\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316webdriver<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
driver.get("https:\/\/example.com")<\/p>\n
\u627e\u5230\u89e6\u53d1API\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
button = driver.find_element_by_id("trigger-button")<\/p>\n
button.click()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u9a8c\u8bc1API<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u5bf9API\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5728Selenium\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684API\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230API\u7aef\u70b9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.get("https:\/\/api.example.com\/data")<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
assert response.status_code == 200<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
assert "expected_data" in response.json()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001Selenium\u4e0eAPI\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1Selenium\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86API\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u6539\u53d8\u4e86Web\u9875\u9762\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9875\u9762\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7Selenium\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u9875\u9762DOM\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5224\u65adAPI\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWAI<\/a>t<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u67d0\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u8f7d\u8868\u793aAPI\u54cd\u5e94\u5df2\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u9875\u9762\u4e0a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
element_present = EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'new-data-element'))<\/p>\n
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(element_present)<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u53cd\u6620\u4e86API\u7684\u53d8\u52a8<\/strong><\/h2>\n
new_data_element = driver.find_element_by_id("new-data-element")<\/p>\n
assert new_data_element.text == "expected new data"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u6355\u83b7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6d3b\u52a8<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217API\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\uff08DevTools Protocol\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u534f\u8bae<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7Selenium\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8bb0\u5f55\u7f51\u7edc\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
\u542f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684DevTools Protocol<\/strong><\/h2>\n
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()<\/p>\n
options.add_experimental_option("devtools.network.enable", True)<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)<\/p>\n
driver.get("https:\/\/example.com")<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5229\u7528Chrome DevTools Protocol\uff08CDP\uff09\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5047\u8bbedriver\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86CDP\u7684Chrome webdriver<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e93\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4eceCDP\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u5982pytest\u914d\u5408Selenium\u548cRequests\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
def test_api_response():<\/p>\n
    # \u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684Selenium\u64cd\u4f5c\u548cRequests\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\uff08CI\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u5b9a\u65f6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684CI\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884cpytest\u6765\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pytest test_api.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u51e0\u4e2a\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5206\u79bb\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5c42\u6b21<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c06UI\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08Selenium\uff09\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528Requests\uff09\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u8ba9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u6ce8\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u8d85\u65f6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u6b65API\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u5f85\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u62a5\u544a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u589e\u52a0\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684\u622a\u56fe\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Selenium\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662fSelenium\u7684\u672c\u804c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u6211\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0Web\u754c\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\u6216GeckoDriver\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u63a5\u53e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u63d0\u9ad8Selenium\u63a5\u53e3\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Page Object\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u9875\u9762\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u7b80\u5316\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6765\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u673a\u5236\u548c\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u7b49\u5f85\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u8bef\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n
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