{"id":175144,"date":"2024-05-08T18:45:45","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:45:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/175144.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T18:45:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:45:55","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9c%80%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e3%80%81%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%97%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3python%e7%9a%84%e9%ad%94%e6%9c%af%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/175144.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u7406\u89e3Python\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u7406\u89e3Python\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\"<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982len<\/code>\u3001print<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u53f7+<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u6cd5\u672f\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u51fa\u666e\u901a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u6280\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0__str__<\/code>\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u88abprint<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c55\u5f00\u63cf\u8ff0__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8bself<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u53c2\u6570\u7531\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5728__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5934\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u521b\u5efa\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001UNDERSTANDING MAGIC METHODS<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u4e86Python\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u529b\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ee5__add__<\/code>\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u652f\u6301\u52a0\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u52a0\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u8bfb\u548c\u4f18\u96c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c__getitem__<\/code>\u548c__setitem__<\/code>\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5206\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001COMMON MAGIC METHODS<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982__str__<\/code>\u3001__repr__<\/code>\u3001__call__<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

__str__<\/code>\u548c__repr__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u7c7b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002__str__<\/code>\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u800c__repr__<\/code>\u65e8\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u5408\u4e0b\u4ee5\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0__call__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u50cf\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u80fd\u5927\u88ab\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u6709\u8da3\u7684API\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001OPERATIONAL MAGIC METHODS<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301Python\u5185\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u652f\u6301\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0__len__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301len()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5b57\u5178\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u652f\u6301<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0__add__<\/code>\u3001__sub__<\/code>\u3001__mul__<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001BEYOND BASIC USAGES<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0__enter__<\/code>\u548c__exit__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5bf9\u8c61\u652f\u6301Python\u7684with\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u96c5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

__getattr__<\/code>\u3001__setattr__<\/code>\u548c__delattr__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u5220\u9664\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7fPython\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u66f4\u52a0\u7b26\u5408Pythonic\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u529b\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5408\u7406\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fPython\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff08\uff09\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982__init<\/strong>\u3001__str__\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3Python\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u81ea\u52a8\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c__init__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\uff1b\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c__str__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

3. Python\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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