{"id":180246,"date":"2024-05-08T20:31:40","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T12:31:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/180246.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T20:31:48","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T12:31:48","slug":"r%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%ae%a9%e5%9d%90%e6%a0%87%e8%bd%b4%e5%9c%a8%e5%8e%9f%e7%82%b9%e4%ba%a4%e6%b1%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/180246.html","title":{"rendered":"R\u8bed\u8a00\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"R\u8bed\u8a00\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\"<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528R\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba9\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7ed8\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2<\/code>\u5305\u4e2dcoord_cartesian()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6216xlim()<\/code>\u548cylim()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528theme()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7ebf\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3b\u8981\u5c55\u5f00\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2<\/code>\u5305\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7ggplot2<\/code>\u5305\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u501f\u52a9\u5b83\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u8ba9\u56fe\u5f62\u66f4\u52a0\u7f8e\u89c2\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7ggplot2<\/code>\u5b9e\u73b0\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u52a0\u8f7dggplot2\u5305<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u5f62\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fddggplot2<\/code>\u5305\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728R\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

if (!requireNamespace("ggplot2", quietly = TRUE)) install.packages("ggplot2")<\/p>\n
library(ggplot2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5ggplot2<\/code>\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u82e5\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u5219\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7library()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u540e\u7eed\u7ed8\u56fe\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528ggplot2<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
set.seed(123)<\/p>\n
data <- data.frame(<\/p>\n
  x = rnorm(100),<\/p>\n
  y = rnorm(100)<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b100\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684x<\/code>\u548cy<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed8\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u5f62<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2<\/code>\u7ed8\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u4f7f\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ggplot(data, aes(x = x, y = y)) +<\/p>\n
  geom_point() +<\/p>\n
  xlim(c(min(data$x), max(data$x))) +<\/p>\n
  ylim(c(min(data$y), max(data$y))) +<\/p>\n
  coord_fixed(ratio = 1) +<\/p>\n
  theme(axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"),<\/p>\n
        panel.grid.major = element_blank(),<\/p>\n
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),<\/p>\n
        panel.background = element_blank(),<\/p>\n
        axis.text = element_text(color = "black"),<\/p>\n
        axis.title = element_text(color = "black"),<\/p>\n
        axis.ticks = element_line(color = "black")) +<\/p>\n
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, color="black") +<\/p>\n
  geom_vline(xintercept = 0, color="black")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7ggplot()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528geom_point()<\/code>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u70b9\u56fe\u5c42\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7xlim()<\/code>\u548cylim()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86x\u8f74\u548cy\u8f74\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0ccoord_fixed()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u786e\u4fddx\u8f74\u548cy\u8f74\u7684\u523b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5728theme()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79fb\u9664\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u7ebf\u3001\u9762\u677f\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u548c\u523b\u5ea6\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fe\u5f62\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u5e72\u51c0\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0cgeom_hline()<\/code>\u548cgeom_vline()<\/code>\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5782\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u56fe\u5f62\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u52a0\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ggplot(data, aes(x = x, y = y)) +<\/p>\n
  geom_point(colour = "blue") +<\/p>\n
  ... # \u5176\u4f59\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u4e0a\u9762\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u9700\u5728geom_point()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0colour<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7f8e\u5316\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574geom_point()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684size<\/code>\u3001shape<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u8ba9\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd8\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f7f\u56fe\u5f62\u66f4\u52a0\u7f8e\u89c2\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002R\u8bed\u8a00\u548cggplot2<\/code>\u5305\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5982\u4f55\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528plot()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528axes=FALSE<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u7981\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528abline()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7ed8\u5236\u4e00\u6761\u7a7f\u8fc7\u539f\u70b9\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7ebf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u659c\u7387\u548c\u622a\u8ddd\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u8ba9x\u8f74\u548cy\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
plot(0, 0, type="n", xlim=c(-10, 10), ylim=c(-10, 10), xlab="", ylab="", axes=FALSE)\nabline(h=0, v=0, col="black")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cplot(0, 0, type="n")<\/code>\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u548cy\u8f74\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a-10\u523010\u3002axes=FALSE<\/code>\u5219\u7981\u7528\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u3002abline(h=0, v=0, col="black")<\/code>\u4f1a\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u5904\u7ed8\u5236\u4e00\u6761\u6c34\u5e73\u7ebf\u548c\u4e00\u6761\u5782\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f7fx\u8f74\u548cy\u8f74\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u539f\u70b9\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8981\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u539f\u70b9\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528par()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u8fb9\u8ddd\u548c\u523b\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574mar<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u8fb9\u8ddd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
par(mar=c(5, 4, 4, 5) + 0.1)  # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u8ddd\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u70b9\u5728\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\nplot(0, 0, type="n", xlim=c(-10, 10), ylim=c(-10, 10), xlab="", ylab="", axes=FALSE)\nabline(h=0, v=0, col="black")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cpar(mar=c(5, 4, 4, 5) + 0.1)<\/code>\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fb9\u8ddd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a5\u30014\u30014\u30015\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u52a00.1\u7684\u4f59\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7ed9\u539f\u70b9\u7559\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528plot()<\/code>\u548cabline()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u70b9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n
3. R\u8bed\u8a00\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u523b\u5ea6\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u523b\u5ea6\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528axis()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u523b\u5ea6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u539f\u70b9\u4ea4\u6c47\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a-5\u52305\u7684\u523b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
plot(0, 0, type="n", xlim=c(-10, 10), ylim=c(-10, 10), xlab="", ylab="", axes=FALSE)\nabline(h=0, v=0, col="black")\naxis(side=1, at=-5:5)\naxis(side=2, at=-5:5)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
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