{"id":275061,"date":"2024-05-16T14:18:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T06:18:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/275061.html"},"modified":"2024-05-16T14:18:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T06:18:35","slug":"prototype-%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae%e5%8e%9f%e5%9e%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/275061.html","title":{"rendered":"Prototype \u9879\u76ee\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Prototype<\/p>\n

\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u5efa\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u6765\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u6216\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002JavaScript\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7Object.create<\/code>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0Cloneable<\/code>\u63a5\u53e3\u5e76\u8986\u76d6clone<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8c61\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4efb\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u590d\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u9500\u8981\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7b80\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/strong>\uff1a\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u9700\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7684\u539f\u578b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

    \u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    1. \u62bd\u8c61\u539f\u578b\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u514b\u9686\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982Java\u4e2d\u7684Cloneable<\/code>\uff09\u9690\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    public interface Prototype {<\/p>\n
        Prototype clone();<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    2. \u5177\u4f53\u539f\u578b\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u514b\u9686\uff08\u590d\u5236\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u548c\u539f\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    public class ConcretePrototype implements Prototype {<\/p>\n
        private String field;<\/p>\n
        public ConcretePrototype(String field) {<\/p>\n
            this.field = field;<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        @Override<\/p>\n
        public Prototype clone() {<\/p>\n
            return new ConcretePrototype(this.field);<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    1. \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u672c\u6781\u9ad8\u6216\u8005\u8d44\u6e90\u8981\u6c42\u7279\u522b\u590d\u6742<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u590d\u6742\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u91cf\u52a0\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u590d\u7528\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    2. \u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u65e0\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u4ea7\u54c1\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    3. \u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u7c7b\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u523b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u5230\u4e86\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    1. \u5728Java\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u5199clone<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0Cloneable<\/code>\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8868\u660e\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u514b\u9686\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u5199clone<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u590d\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    public class JavaPrototype implements Cloneable {<\/p>\n
        private String attribute;<\/p>\n
        public JavaPrototype(String attribute) {<\/p>\n
            this.attribute = attribute;<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684clone\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n
        @Override<\/p>\n
        protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {<\/p>\n
            return super.clone();<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    2. \u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    JavaScript\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u4ece\u539f\u578b\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Object.create<\/code>\uff0cJavaScript\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    const prototype = {<\/p>\n
        clone() {<\/p>\n
            return Object.create(this);<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
    };<\/p>\n
    let object1 = prototype.clone();<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    3. \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    Python\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5efa\u7684clone\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6a21\u5757(copy<\/code>)\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u514b\u9686\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import copy<\/p>\n
    class Prototype:<\/p>\n
        def clone(self):<\/p>\n
            return copy.deepcopy(self)<\/p>\n
    class ConcretePrototype(Prototype):<\/p>\n
        def __init__(self, field):<\/p>\n
            self.field = field<\/p>\n
    prototype = ConcretePrototype('value')<\/p>\n
    cloned_object = prototype.clone()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    1. \u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u5e76\u884c\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      2. \u98ce\u9669\uff1a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      • \u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u65bd\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u590d\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u514b\u9686\u5927\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u8c28\u614e\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        1. \u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3Prototype \u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
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        2. \u5728Prototype\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
        \u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728Prototype\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        • \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u5236\u5df2\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          3. \u5728Prototype\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u54ea\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u5728Prototype\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u4ee5\u4e0b\u597d\u5904\uff1a<\/p>\n
            \n
          • \u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u514b\u9686\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n
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