{"id":275430,"date":"2024-05-16T14:27:21","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T06:27:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/275430.html"},"modified":"2024-05-16T14:27:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T06:27:28","slug":"python3-%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae%e7%a7%81%e6%9c%89%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7%e5%92%8c%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/275430.html","title":{"rendered":"python3 \u9879\u76ee\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u600e\u4e48\u83b7\u53d6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24200401\/cbfad8d4-39f0-466c-80d3-9908ed414049.webp\" alt=\"python3 \u9879\u76ee\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u600e\u4e48\u83b7\u53d6\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u547d\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5982<code>__attribute<\/code>\u6216<code>__method<\/code>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u4ec5\u4f9b\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<strong>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u4ecd\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u7f16\uff08name mangling\uff09\u89c4\u5219\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u529f\u80fd\u5982getattr()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5728Python\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u7f16\uff08_ClassName__attribute\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u6539\u7f16\u540e\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u83b7\u53d6Python\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u7f16\uff08Name Mangling\uff09\u89c4\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u4e14\u6700\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u7f16\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u548c\u7c7b\u540d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<code>__private<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u5728<code>MyClass<\/code>\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a<code>_MyClass__private<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u7f16\u540e\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/strong> \u82e5\u8981\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u65bd\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u7f16\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u4e0e\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9075\u5faa\u5355\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u8ddf\u4e0a\u7c7b\u540d\uff0c\u518d\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u539f\u59cb\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u540d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u7f16\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u7f16\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982getattr()\u3001setattr()\u3001dir()\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>getattr(object, name[, default])<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u4e3aname\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728name\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9bdefault\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1AttributeError\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>setattr(object, name, value)<\/code>: \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e<code>object.name = value<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>dir([object])<\/code>: \u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f<code>getattr()<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\uff0c\u5de7\u5999\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u79c1\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u98ce\u9669<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5c04\u673a\u5236\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u53d6\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5c04\u673a\u5236\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7c7b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u5916\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\u3002<strong>\u968f\u610f\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u7ef4\u62a4\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95eePython\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c0a\u91cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6216\u8c03\u8bd5\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c28\u614e\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python3\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Python\u4e2d\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff08__\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u5b9a\u4e49\u516c\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7self\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aMyClass\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027__private_attr\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">class MyClass:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.__private_attr = &quot;\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u503c&quot;\n    \n    def get_private_attr(self):\n        return self.__private_attr\n\nobj = MyClass()\nprint(obj.get_private_attr())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7get_private_attr\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027__private_attr\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python3\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574\u6765\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5728\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u7c7b\u540d\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7bA\u548cB\uff0cA\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027__private_attr\uff0cB\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5print_attr\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95eeA\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">class A:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.__private_attr = &quot;\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u503c&quot;\n\nclass B:\n    def print_attr(self, obj):\n        print(obj._A__private_attr)  # \u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574\u8bbf\u95eeA\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\n\nobj_a = A()\nobj_b = B()\nobj_b.print_attr(obj_a)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u6574<code>obj._A__private_attr<\/code>\u6765\u8bbf\u95eeA\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027__private_attr\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Python3\u4e2d\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u9690\u85cf\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8026\u5408\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u540d\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u5230\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u516c\u5171\u65b9\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u547d\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5982__attribute\u6216__method\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1 [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":275440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275430"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275430"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275430\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}