{"id":293255,"date":"2024-05-20T14:38:55","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T06:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/293255.html"},"modified":"2024-05-20T14:39:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T06:39:12","slug":"linux%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99shell%e8%84%9a%e6%9c%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/293255.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199shell\u811a\u672c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/27140127\/a4a1929a-046c-4ac5-8ce2-752dec1c8fc7.webp\" alt=\"Linux\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199shell\u811a\u672c\" \/><\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001SHELL \u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Linux\u7f16\u5199shell\u811a\u672c<\/strong>\u6d89\u53ca\u811a\u672c\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u6743\u9650\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7684shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5230\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528shebang\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u8d4b\u4e88\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/strong> \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u4ee5\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u521b\u5efa\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9996\u884c\u4f7f\u7528shebang\uff08#!\uff09\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u811a\u672c\u7531\u54ea\u4e2ashell\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>#!\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7531bash shell\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u811a\u672c\u903b\u8f91\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u901a\u8fc7<code>chmod<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed9\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8d4b\u4e88\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u67e5\u770b\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7f16\u5199shell\u811a\u672c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u7f16\u6392\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c<strong>\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u7f16\u5199\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528shell\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u67d0\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001SHELL \u811a\u672c\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7f16\u8f91<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528touch\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<code>touch script.sh<\/code>\u6216\u4f7f\u7528<code>vi script.sh<\/code>\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9vi\u3001nano\u3001gedit\u7b49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u811a\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f<strong>\u811a\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\uff08\u4ee5#\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u811a\u672c\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u65b9\u4fbf\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7f29\u8fdb\u548c\u7a7a\u884c\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001SHEBANG \u548c\u6743\u9650\u8d4b\u4e88<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>shebang\uff08#!\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u54ea\u4e2ashell\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684shebang\u5305\u62ec<code>#!\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u548c<code>#!\/bin\/sh<\/code>\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u811a\u672c\u5728\u54ea\u4e2ashell\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6743\u9650\u8d4b\u4e88<\/strong>\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<code>chmod<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528<code>chmod +x script.sh<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7ed9\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u589e\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001VARIABLES AND CONTROL STRUCTURES<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u5728shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528<code>\u53d8\u91cf\u540d=\u503c<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>$\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/code>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<strong>\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad<\/strong>\u5982<code>if<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff1b<strong>\u5faa\u73af<\/strong>\u5982<code>for<\/code>\u6216<code>while<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001ADVANCED FEATURES AND TIPS<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002<strong>\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u5c01\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u7528\uff0c<strong>\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong>\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c<strong>\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/strong>\u5219\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u3001\u907f\u514d\u786c\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u3002\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u516d\u3001DEBUGGING AND TESTING<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u811a\u672c\u8c03\u8bd5\u662f\u811a\u672c\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5229\u7528<code>-x<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u6216\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e<code>set -x<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c<strong>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c<strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\u4f60\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u9884\u671f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e03\u3001EXECUTION AND SCHEDULING<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u5176\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<code>.\/script.sh<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7684PATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u8f93\u5165\u811a\u672c\u540d\u4fbf\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7cron\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91crontab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6e05\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7f16\u5199shell\u811a\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u6b64\u6280\u80fd\u540e\u5c06\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u60a8\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u5806\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5806\u780c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6df1\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684shell\u811a\u672c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff08\u5982vi\u6216nano\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4ee5.sh\u4e3a\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u811a\u672c\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u4f7f\u7528shebang\uff08#!\/bin\/bash\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u811a\u672c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u4f7f\u7528chmod\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff1achmod 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