{"id":297453,"date":"2024-05-20T16:27:57","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:27:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/297453.html"},"modified":"2024-05-20T16:28:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:28:19","slug":"r-%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e4%b8%ad%e6%89%be%e4%b8%8d%e5%88%b0%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e6%98%af%e5%9b%a0%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/297453.html","title":{"rendered":"R \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"R<\/p>\n

\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\u3001\u548c\u5305\u672a\u6b63\u786e\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u672a\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u8d4b\u503c\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48R\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u60a8\u5b83\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0cR\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cR\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u9884\u671f\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u53ea\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\uff0cR\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cfx<\/code>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

print(x) # \u9519\u8bef: \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61 'x'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u62fc\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
myVariable <- 10<\/p>\n
print(myvariable) # \u9519\u8bef: \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61 'myvariable'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
R\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u6709\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u90e8\u88ab\u8ba4\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
myFunction <- function() {<\/p>\n
  insideVar <- "This is an inside variable"<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
myFunction()<\/p>\n
print(insideVar) # \u9519\u8bef: \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61 'insideVar'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5305\u672a\u6b63\u786e\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u672a\u8c03\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u5305\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u8f7d\u90a3\u4e2a\u5305\uff0cR\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5b83\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
library(ggplot2)<\/p>\n
qplot(x, y) # \u5982\u679c\u5305ggplot2\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2\u5305\u4e2d\u7684qplot<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u7528library<\/code>\u6216require<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u6216\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u9519\u8bef\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4R\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
setwd("\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84")<\/p>\n
source("some_script.R") # \u5982\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u9519\u8bef\uff0cR\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u9690\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u8986\u76d6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eR\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u79f0\u88ab\u65e0\u610f\u95f4\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u5305\u6216\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
x <- 10<\/p>\n
x <- "now I'm a string"<\/p>\n
print(x) # 'x' \u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u826f\u597d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8499\u7248<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982with<\/code>\u3001attach<\/code>\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u4fee\u6539R\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data(iris)<\/p>\n
attach(iris)<\/p>\n
print(Sepal.Length) # \u5728detach\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n
detach(iris)<\/p>\n
print(Sepal.Length) # \u9519\u8bef: \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61 'Sepal.Length'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u6765\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u51b2\u7a81<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728R\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u540c\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u9884\u671f\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u67e5\u627e\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
mean <- c(1,2,3)<\/p>\n
mean(mean) # \u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5411\u91cf\u770b\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840R\u51fd\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u547d\u540d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u540d\u4f5c\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982base::mean<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7f13\u5b58<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528RStudio\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6R\u63a5\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fc7\u5f80\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u505a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u754c\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
rm(x)<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u89c6\u56fe\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6b64\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95eex\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8R\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6216\u624b\u52a8\u5237\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u89c6\u56fe\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u6df7\u6dc6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528ggplot2<\/code>\u7ed8\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5f15\u7528\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u800c\u975e\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u8c61\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ggplot(data, aes(x = "var1", y = "var2")) # \u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\uff08\u4e0d\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u9632\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4f1a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
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