{"id":297821,"date":"2024-05-20T16:37:31","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/297821.html"},"modified":"2024-05-20T16:37:44","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:37:44","slug":"nginx-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-upstream-%e4%bb%a3%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/297821.html","title":{"rendered":"nginx \u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e upstream \u4ee3\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/27145650\/9a8384e3-b398-4d2e-a92f-fb9eb1add2bb.webp\" alt=\"nginx \u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e upstream \u4ee3\u7406\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Nginx\u914d\u7f6eupstream\u4ee3\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6eupstream\u5757\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002Upstream\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u6743\u91cd\u8fdb\u884c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u88ab\u52a8\u6216\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684upstream\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4f20\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<strong>\u5728\u914d\u7f6eupstream\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><h2>\u4e00\u3001\u914d\u7f6eupstream\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u914d\u7f6enginx\u7684upstream\u4ee3\u7406\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5728nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aupstream\u5757\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2aserver\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">http {<\/p>\n<p>    upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>        server backend1.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>        server backend2.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>        server backend3.example.com down;<\/p>\n<p>    }<\/p>\n<p>    ...<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c<code>myapp<\/code>\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684upstream\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728server\u914d\u7f6e\u5185\u901a\u8fc7<code>proxy_pass http:\/\/myapp;<\/code>\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u52a0\u4e0a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u6743\u91cd\u53c2\u6570\u3002<strong>\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3adown\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ece\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e2d\u6392\u9664<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684backend3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Nginx\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong>\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8f6e\u8be2\uff08round-robin\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\uff08least_conn\uff09\u3001IP\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08ip_hash\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b56\u7565\uff08Round Robin\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>    server backend1.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend2.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend3.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u4f1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f9d\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\uff08Least Connections\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>    least_conn;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend1.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend2.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend3.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u7b56\u7565\u4f1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>IP\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08IP Hash\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>    ip_hash;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend1.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend2.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend3.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>IP\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u5206\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u603b\u662f\u6d3e\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e09\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4upstream\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\uff0cNginx\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>    server backend1.example.com max_f<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a>ls=3 fail_timeout=30s;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend2.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend3.example.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684<code>max_fails<\/code>\u548c<code>fail_timeout<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5728<code>fail_timeout<\/code>\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u5982\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\uff09\u6b21\u6570\u8fbe\u5230<code>max_fails<\/code>\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u4ece\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u56db\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0cNginx\u7684upstream\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u91cd\uff08weight\uff09\u3001\u5907\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08backup\uff09\u3001keepalive\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>\u6743\u91cd\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>    server backend1.example.com weight=3;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend2.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend3.example.com weight=2;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>\u5907\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>    server backend1.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend2.example.com backup;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u5907\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5747\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3abackup\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>Keepalive\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">upstream myapp {<\/p>\n<p>    server backend1.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    server backend2.example.com;<\/p>\n<p>    keepalive 32;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Keepalive\u6307\u4ee4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u53cd\u590d\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u7684upstream\u4ee3\u7406\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u7b49\u3002<strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5e94\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u4e0e\u9c81\u68d2<\/strong>\u3002\u9ad8\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u5982\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548ckeepalive\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9Nginx\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\uff1aNginx\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6eupstream\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u8981\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u7684upstream\u4ee3\u7406\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6253\u5f00Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f4d\u4e8e\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728http\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aupstream\u5757\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n<pre><code>http {\n    upstream myapp {\n        server backend1.example.com;\n        server backend2.example.com;\n        server backend3.example.com;\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amyapp\u7684upstream\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u7406\u7684location\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528proxy_pass\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230upstream\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n<pre><code>location \/ {\n    proxy_pass http:\/\/myapp;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230myapp upstream\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u7531Nginx\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5730\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dNginx\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u66f4\u6539\u751f\u6548\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a\n<pre><code>sudo nginx -s reload\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u914d\u7f6eNginx\u7684upstream\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898\u4e8c\uff1aNginx\u7684upstream\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u673a\u5236\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6545\u969c\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6545\u969c\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u7684upstream\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5728upstream\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>ip_hash<\/code>\u6307\u4ee4\u542f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u76f4\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\n<pre><code>upstream myapp {\n    ip_hash;\n    server backend1.example.com;\n    server backend2.example.com;\n    server backend3.example.com;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>fail_timeout<\/code>\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6545\u969c\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0cNginx\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6545\u969c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5b83\u3002\n<pre><code>upstream myapp {\n    ip_hash;\n    server backend1.example.com fail_timeout=10s;\n    server backend2.example.com fail_timeout=10s;\n    server backend3.example.com fail_timeout=10s;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u572810\u79d2\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6545\u969c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>max_fails<\/code>\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u80fd\u591f\u6545\u969c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b21\u6570\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u518d\u8f6c\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed9\u5b83\u3002\n<pre><code>upstream myapp {\n    ip_hash;\n    server backend1.example.com fail_timeout=10s max_fails=3;\n    server backend2.example.com fail_timeout=10s max_fails=3;\n    server backend3.example.com fail_timeout=10s max_fails=3;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u572810\u79d2\u5185\u51fa\u73b03\u6b21\u6545\u969c\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684upstream\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6545\u969c\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898\u4e09\uff1aNginx\u7684upstream\u4ee3\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\uff08Session stickiness\uff09\u914d\u7f6e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5728Nginx\u7684upstream\u4ee3\u7406\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Nginx\u7684stick\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7dstick\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Nginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684http\u5757\u5185\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    ...\n    stick on;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c06\u542f\u7528stick\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728upstream\u5757\u5185\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>sticky<\/code>\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>sticky session<\/code>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bddID\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>sticky route<\/code>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u8bc6\uff08\u5982URI\u3001Host\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bddID\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>upstream myapp {\n    sticky session;\n    server backend1.example.com;\n    server backend2.example.com;\n    server backend3.example.com;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u4f1a\u8bddID\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>upstream myapp {\n    sticky route $cookie_route;\n    server backend1.example.com;\n    server backend2.example.com;\n    server backend3.example.com;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cNginx\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u540d\u4e3a<code>route<\/code>\u7684cookie\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Nginx\u7684upstream\u4ee3\u7406\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nginx\u914d\u7f6eupstream\u4ee3\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Nginx\u914d\u7f6e [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":297837,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297821"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297821"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297821\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/297837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}