{"id":305175,"date":"2024-05-20T19:39:42","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T11:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/305175.html"},"modified":"2024-05-20T19:40:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T11:40:06","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0-dna-%e6%8e%92%e5%ba%8f%e6%b1%82%e9%80%86%e5%ba%8f%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/305175.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0 DNA \u6392\u5e8f\u6c42\u9006\u5e8f\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5904\u7406\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0DNA\u6392\u5e8f\u5e76\u6c42\u5176\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u5229\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u524d\u9762\u6bd4\u5b83\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u57fa\u56e0\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u7a81\u53d8\u7b49\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u56e0\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3aO(n log n)\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u800c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u534a\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u53ca\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5206\u5272\u5e8f\u5217<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5c06\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u5272\u6210\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5e8f\u5217\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u5408\u5e76\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u5de6\u4fa7\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u53f3\u4fa7\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u53f3\u4fa7\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001Python \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

def merge_sort_count_inversions(arr):<\/p>\n
    if len(arr) < 2:<\/p>\n
        return arr, 0<\/p>\n
    mid = len(arr) \/\/ 2<\/p>\n
    left, left_inversions = merge_sort_count_inversions(arr[:mid])<\/p>\n
    right, right_inversions = merge_sort_count_inversions(arr[mid:])<\/p>\n
    merged, split_inversions = merge_count_split_inv(left, right)<\/p>\n
    return merged, left_inversions + right_inversions + split_inversions<\/p>\n
def merge_count_split_inv(left, right):<\/p>\n
    i, j = 0, 0<\/p>\n
    merged = []<\/p>\n
    inversions = 0<\/p>\n
    while i < len(left) and j < len(right):<\/p>\n
        if left[i] <= right[j]:<\/p>\n
            merged.append(left[i])<\/p>\n
            i += 1<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            merged.append(right[j])<\/p>\n
            j += 1<\/p>\n
            inversions += len(left) - i<\/p>\n
    merged.extend(left[i:])<\/p>\n
    merged.extend(right[j:])<\/p>\n
    return merged, inversions<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8bDNA\u5e8f\u5217<\/strong><\/h2>\n
dna_sequence = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6]<\/p>\n
sorted_sequence, inversions = merge_sort_count_inversions(dna_sequence)<\/p>\n
print(f"Sorted DNA sequence: {sorted_sequence}")<\/p>\n
print(f"Inversions: {inversions}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5bf9DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8eDNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0DNA\u6392\u5e8f\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0DNA\u6392\u5e8f\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c06DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
def merge_sort(arr):\n    if len(arr) <= 1:\n        return arr, 0\n    \n    mid = len(arr) \/\/ 2\n    left, left_inv = merge_sort(arr[:mid])\n    right, right_inv = merge_sort(arr[mid:])\n    merged, merge_inv = merge(left, right)\n    \n    return merged, left_inv + right_inv + merge_inv\n\ndef merge(left, right):\n    merged = []\n    inversions = 0\n    i, j = 0, 0\n    \n    while i < len(left) and j < len(right):\n        if left[i] <= right[j]:\n            merged.append(left[i])\n            i += 1\n        else:\n            merged.append(right[j])\n            j += 1\n            inversions += len(left) - i\n    \n    merged.extend(left[i:])\n    merged.extend(right[j:])\n    \n    return merged, inversions\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\u7528\u6cd5\ndna_sequence = [4, 3, 2, 1]\nsorted_sequence, inversions = merge_sort(dna_sequence)\nprint(f"\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a{sorted_sequence}")\nprint(f"\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\uff1a{inversions}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u9664\u4e86\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3DNA\u6392\u5e8f\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3DNA\u6392\u5e8f\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u6216\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u4fee\u6539\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cDNA\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
DNA\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7406\u89e3DNA\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u7a81\u53d8\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cDNA\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eDNA\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u5e8f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728\u5904\u7406\u57fa\u56e0\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u9006\u5e8f\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u3002 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":305206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305175"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=305175"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305175\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/305206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=305175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=305175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=305175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}