{"id":316252,"date":"2024-05-21T17:17:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-21T09:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/316252.html"},"modified":"2024-05-21T17:17:44","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T09:17:44","slug":"java-%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e4%b8%8e%e8%bf%9c%e7%a8%8b%e8%b5%84%e6%ba%90%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/316252.html","title":{"rendered":"java \u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"java<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u7528\u662fJava\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528Java\u539f\u751f\u7684URLConnection\u7c7b\u3001\u5229\u7528Apache HttpClient\u5e93\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684HttpURLConnection\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982Retrofit\u3001OkHttp<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002URLConnection\u7c7b<\/strong> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406HTTP\u3001HTTPS\u7b49\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cHttpURLConnection<\/strong> \u662f\u5176\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406HTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9URLConnection\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528URLConnection\u548cHttpURLConnection<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

HttpURLConnection\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

HttpURLConnection\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u5728Java\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u5165\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u901a\u8fc7URL\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684openConnection\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6HttpURLConnection\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5bf9HttpURLConnection\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5(GET\/POST)\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5982\u679c\u662fPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411OutputStream\u5199\u5165POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n
  5. \u8c03\u7528getInputStream()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
  6. \u6700\u540e\u8c03\u7528disconnect()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    URLConnection\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

    URLConnection\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5982\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u8de8\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5b50\u7c7bHttpURLConnection\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Apache HttpClient<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Apache HttpClient\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

    Apache HttpClient\u662fApache HttpComponents\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684API\u6765\u652f\u6301HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4e0eJava\u539f\u751f\u7684HttpURLConnection\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cApache HttpClient<\/strong> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u652f\u6301HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7279\u6027\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    HttpClient\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u521b\u5efaHttpClient\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528HttpClientBuilder\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528DefaultHttpClient\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u521b\u5efaHttp\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fHttpGet\u3001HttpPost\u3001HttpPut\u7b49\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u914d\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
    4. \u6267\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97HttpResponse\u3002<\/li>\n
    5. \u4eceHttpResponse\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93OkHttp<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      OkHttp\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

      OkHttp\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u5b83\u7684API\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u4e24\u79cd\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3001GZIP\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002OkHttp\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406SPDY\u3001HTTP\/2\u548cWebSocket\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      OkHttp\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u521b\u5efaOkHttpClient\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n
      2. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u914d\u7f6eURL\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
      3. \u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u6dfb\u52a0\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u7b7e\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
      4. \u521b\u5efaCall\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u5165Request\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528OkHttpClient\u7684newCall\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
      5. \u540c\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528Call\u7684execute\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u9700\u8c03\u7528enqueue\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eCallback\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Retrofit<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        Retrofit\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

        Retrofit\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eOkHttp\u5c01\u88c5\u7684REST\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5c06HTTP API\u8f6c\u5316\u6210Java\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u89e3\u63cf\u8ff0HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u53caURL\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cRetrofit\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        Retrofit\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u5b9a\u4e49HTTP\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u89e3\u6807\u6ce8\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u660e\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
        2. \u521b\u5efaRetrofit\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Retrofit.Builder\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u7f6ebaseUrl\u3001JSON\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
        3. \u521b\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u8c03\u7528Retrofit\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684create\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
        4. \u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\uff08execute\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5f02\u6b65\uff08enqueue\uff09\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u7efc\u4e0a\uff0cJava\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u53d1\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u719f\u6089\u5404\u81ea\u7684API\u3001\u7406\u89e3HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u719f\u6089\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          1. \u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684Java\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u8981\u8fdb\u884cHttp\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Java\u5185\u7f6e\u7684HttpURLConnection\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53d1\u9001GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Apache HttpClient\u548cOkHttp\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            2. \u5982\u4f55\u5728Java\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u8981\u8c03\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\u3001Socket\u6216\u8005RMI\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cWebSocket\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u6216\u8005\u5373\u65f6\u6d88\u606f\u63a8\u9001\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Socket\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acbSocket\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528RMI\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u3002RMI\u662f\u4e00\u79cdJava\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u50cf\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\u8c03\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              3. \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684RPC\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5982Dubbo\u3001gRPC\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b49\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8005\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n
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