{"id":34379,"date":"2023-06-13T23:45:08","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T15:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/?p=34379"},"modified":"2023-07-31T02:10:42","modified_gmt":"2023-07-30T18:10:42","slug":"python%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/34379.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Python\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u6709\uff1a\u4e00\u3001unittest\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001pytest\uff1b\u4e09\u3001doctest\uff1b\u56db\u3001Robot Framework\uff1b\u4e94\u3001Selenium\uff1b\u516d\u3001PyTest-BDD\uff1b\u4e03\u3001Nose\uff1b\u516b\u3001Mock\u3002unittest\u6846\u67b6\u662fPython\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"Python\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\" class=\"wp-image-34380\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"421\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-docs.pingcode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/12-1.jpeg?x-oss-process=image\/auto-orient,1\/format,webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn-docs.pingcode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/12-1.jpeg?x-oss-process=image\/auto-orient,1\/format,webp 680w, https:\/\/cdn-docs.pingcode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/12-1-300x186.jpeg 300w\" width=\"680\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001unittest<\/h2>\n<p>unittest\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u5230Java\u7684JUnit\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002unittest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002unittest\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001pytest<\/h2>\n<p>pytest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684Python\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5728unittest\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002pytest\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5939\u5177(fixture)\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002pytest\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001doctest<\/h2>\n<p>doctest\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u4f8b\u3002doctest\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u7f16\u5199\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u6863\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u5bc6\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u3002doctest\u9002\u5408\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001Robot Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Robot Framework\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002Robot Framework\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5e93\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u3002Robot Framework\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001Selenium<\/h2>\n<p>Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u62ecPython\u3002Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9875\u9762\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u3001\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5bf9Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001PyTest-BDD<\/h2>\n<p>PyTest-BDD\u662f\u57fa\u4e8epytest\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff08BDD\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u3002BDD\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c06\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002PyTest-BDD\u4f7f\u7528Gherkin\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201dGiven-When-Then\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3apytest\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5e93\u548c\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u8bfb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e03\u3001Lettuce<\/h2>\n<p>Lettuce\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8eCucumber\u548cPython\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u548cPython\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u6d41\u7545\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Lettuce\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516b\u3001Behave<\/h2>\n<p>Behave\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8eCucumber\u548cPython\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f46\u4e0eLettuce\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cBehave\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528Gherkin\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u201dGiven-When-Then\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e5d\u3001Nose<\/h2>\n<p>Nose\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u8fd0\u884cPython\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5341\u3001Mock<\/h2>\n<p>Mock\u662fPython\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Mock\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u8bd5\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u63a7\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u3002Mock\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684API\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u62df\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u6709\uff1a\u4e00\u3001unittest\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001pytest\uff1b\u4e09\u3001doctest\uff1b\u56db\u3001Robot F [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34380,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34379"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34379\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}