{"id":83763,"date":"2024-03-29T10:25:59","date_gmt":"2024-03-29T02:25:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/?p=83763"},"modified":"2024-03-29T10:25:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T02:25:59","slug":"linux%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/83763.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Linux\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/a>\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong>\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u6309\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91`\/etc\/sysctl.conf`\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4f7f\u7528`sysctl`\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Linux\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528`vm.swappiness`\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u503e\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u662fswap\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u8be5\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528RAM\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528swap\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u6574<\/strong><\/p>\n

`net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout`\u53c2\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2dFIN-WAI<\/a>T-2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u8be5\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u6536socket\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

`nice`\u548c`cpulimit`\u547d\u4ee4\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u548cCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528CPU\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\uff08affinity\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684CPU\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

– I\/O\u8c03\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cdI\/O\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982CFQ\uff08Completely Fair Queuing\uff09\u548cDeadline\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684I\/O\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u6539\u5584\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cbe\u7b80\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u542f\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7`systemctl`\u547d\u4ee4\u63a7\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u548c\u7981\u7528\u3002\u53ea\u542f\u52a8\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u8c03\u6574<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8c03\u6574\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8282\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982Ext4\u3001XFS\u3001Btrfs\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u9009\u53d6\u9002\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u9014\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

– RAID\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7RAID\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982RAID 0\u30011\u30015\u300110\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u7387\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u540c\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

– TCP\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u5982`net.core.rmem_max`\u548c`net.core.wmem_max`\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574TCP\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5de5\u5177\u5982`ethtool`\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u5361\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u7f51\u5361\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u65ad\u5206\u914d\u548c\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u540e\u8c28\u614e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982top\u3001htop\u3001iostat\u7b49\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u8c03\u6574\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\/sys\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u78c1\u76d8IO\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982ext4\u3001XFS\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6765\u6539\u5584Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548cbug\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u5173\u95ed\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6eCPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u63d0\u5347Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u589e\u5927\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11IO\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Memcached\u3001Redis\u7b49\u7f13\u5b58\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u9884\u70ed\uff1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u6bb5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5148\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6027 […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":83764,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[384],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83763"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83763\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}