{"id":91103,"date":"2024-04-09T18:21:17","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T10:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/91103.html"},"modified":"2024-04-09T18:21:18","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T10:21:18","slug":"%e5%9c%a8javascript%e4%b8%ad%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/91103.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\"<\/p>\n

\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u5305\u62ec\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u548c\u591a\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u6346\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u591a\u6001\u5219\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c01\u88c5\u662fOOP\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7ec4\u7ec7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u5916\u754c\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u548c\u589e\u5f3a\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c01\u88c5\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u6216ES6\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\uff08class\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\uff08class\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u786e\u58f0\u660e\u5c01\u88c5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Person {<\/p>\n
   constructor(name, age) {<\/p>\n
      this.name = name;<\/p>\n
      this.age = age;<\/p>\n
   }<\/p>\n
   describe() {<\/p>\n
      console.log(`Name: ${this.name}, Age: ${this.age}`);<\/p>\n
   }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
const person1 = new Person('Alice', 30);<\/p>\n
person1.describe(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Name: Alice, Age: 30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6784\u9020\u5668\uff08constructor\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
JavaScript\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe<\/strong>\u548c\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\uff08extends\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff08\u5b50\u7c7b\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff08\u7236\u7c7b\uff09\u90a3\u91cc\u53d6\u5f97\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u5199\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Employee extends Person {<\/p>\n
   constructor(name, age, jobTitle) {<\/p>\n
      super(name, age); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684constructor<\/p>\n
      this.jobTitle = jobTitle;<\/p>\n
   }<\/p>\n
   describe() {<\/p>\n
      super.describe(); \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684describe\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
      console.log(`Job Title: ${this.jobTitle}`);<\/p>\n
   }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
const employee1 = new Employee('Bob', 25, 'Software Engineer');<\/p>\n
employee1.describe();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Name: Bob, Age: 25 Job Title: Software Engineer<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cEmployee<\/code>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Person<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528extends<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002super<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u4e0a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u591a\u6001\u7684\u4f53\u73b0<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u6001\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u7528\u540c\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Animal {<\/p>\n
   speak() {<\/p>\n
      console.log('Animal speaks');<\/p>\n
   }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
class Dog extends Animal {<\/p>\n
   speak() {<\/p>\n
      console.log('Dog barks');<\/p>\n
   }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
class Cat extends Animal {<\/p>\n
   speak() {<\/p>\n
      console.log('Cat meows');<\/p>\n
   }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
const animal = new Animal();<\/p>\n
const dog = new Dog();<\/p>\n
const cat = new Cat();<\/p>\n
animal.speak(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Animal speaks<\/p>\n
dog.speak(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Dog barks<\/p>\n
cat.speak(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Cat meows<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u54cd\u5e94\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\uff08GUI\uff09\u5e93\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7c7b\uff08Component\uff09\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7ed8\u5236\uff08draw\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u57fa\u7840\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6309\u94ae\uff08Button\uff09\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6846\uff08TextBox\uff09\u3001\u590d\u9009\u6846\uff08Checkbox\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627fComponent\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u91cd\u5199draw\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ed8\u5236\u754c\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684draw\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u5173\u5fc3\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5c31\u7a81\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u7684OOP\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1JavaScript\u7684OOP\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982Java\u6216C++\uff09\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. JavaScript\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u548c\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57class\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528new\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528constructor\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\uff1f<\/strong>
\nJavaScript\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57extends\u6765\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528super\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
3. JavaScript\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u591a\u6001\uff1f<\/strong>
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