{"id":922050,"date":"2024-12-26T14:24:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T06:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/922050.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T14:24:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T06:24:50","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95-%e9%81%8d%e5%8e%86%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/922050.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55 \u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7os\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u3001pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528os.walk()\u51fd\u6570\u3001glob.glob()\u51fd\u6570\u3001pathlib.Path.rglob()\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002os.walk()\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0cglob.glob()\u652f\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u800cpathlib.Path.rglob()\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528OS\u6a21\u5757\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

OS\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7os.walk()\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u904d\u5386\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. os.walk()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

os.walk()\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u904d\u5386\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4(root, dirs, files)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0croot\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u904d\u5386\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff0cdirs\u662f\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868\uff0cfiles\u662f\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import os<\/p>\n
def traverse_directory(path):<\/p>\n
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):<\/p>\n
        print("Directory:", root)<\/p>\n
        for file in files:<\/p>\n
            print("File:", file)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528os.walk()\u904d\u5386\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528os.listdir()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
os.listdir()\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def list_files(path):<\/p>\n
    for file_name in os.listdir(path):<\/p>\n
        full_path = os.path.join(path, file_name)<\/p>\n
        if os.path.isfile(full_path):<\/p>\n
            print("File:", file_name)<\/p>\n
        elif os.path.isdir(full_path):<\/p>\n
            print("Directory:", file_name)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528GLOB\u6a21\u5757\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
glob\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301Unix\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. glob.glob()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
glob.glob()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import glob<\/p>\n
def find_files(pattern):<\/p>\n
    for file_name in glob.glob(pattern):<\/p>\n
        print("File:", file_name)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c*.txt<\/code>\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. glob.iglob()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
glob.iglob()\u4e0eglob.glob()\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import glob<\/p>\n
def find_files_iter(pattern):<\/p>\n
    for file_name in glob.iglob(pattern):<\/p>\n
        print("File:", file_name)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PATHLIB\u6a21\u5757\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython 3.4\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8eos\u6a21\u5757\u548cglob\u6a21\u5757\uff0cpathlib\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. Path.iterdir()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Path.iterdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eos.listdir()\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n
def list_files_pathlib(path):<\/p>\n
    p = Path(path)<\/p>\n
    for file in p.iterdir():<\/p>\n
        if file.is_file():<\/p>\n
            print("File:", file.name)<\/p>\n
        elif file.is_dir():<\/p>\n
            print("Directory:", file.name)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. Path.rglob()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Path.rglob()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eglob.glob()\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n
def recursive_find_files(pattern):<\/p>\n
    p = Path('.')<\/p>\n
    for file in p.rglob(pattern):<\/p>\n
        print("File:", file)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86glob\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u529f\u80fd\u548cos.walk()\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u904d\u5386<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u904d\u5386\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.walk()\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408glob\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u529f\u80fd\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
import fnmatch<\/p>\n
def complex_traverse(path, pattern):<\/p>\n
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):<\/p>\n
        for file in fnmatch.filter(files, pattern):<\/p>\n
            print("File:", os.path.join(root, file))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528fnmatch.filter()\u5bf9os.walk()\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ecos\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u548cpathlib\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002os.walk()\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0cglob.glob()\u652f\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u800cpathlib.Path.rglob()\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong>\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u904d\u5386\u548c\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528pathlib\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6216pathlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528os.walk()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
import os\n\nfor dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('your_directory'):\n    for filename in filenames:\n        print(os.path.join(dirpath, filename))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6765\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u904d\u5386.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n
import os\n\nfor dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('your_directory'):\n    for filename in filenames:\n        if filename.endswith('.txt'):\n            print(os.path.join(dirpath, filename))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u4ec5\u8f93\u51fa\u540e\u7f00\u4e3a.txt<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
import os\n\nfor dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('your_directory'):\n    for filename in filenames:\n        try:\n            print(os.path.join(dirpath, filename))\n        except PermissionError:\n            print(f"\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6: {filename}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9047\u5230\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7os\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u3001pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528os.walk […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":922056,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=922050"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":922058,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922050\/revisions\/922058"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/922056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=922050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=922050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=922050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}