{"id":922945,"date":"2024-12-26T14:41:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T06:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/922945.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T14:41:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T06:41:03","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e6%89%93%e5%bc%80%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/922945.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528webbrowser\u6a21\u5757\u3001requests\u5e93\u3001selenium\u5e93\u3001urllib\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cwebbrowser\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u5408\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6253\u5f00\uff0crequests\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cselenium\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1aRequests\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u7f51\u9875\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001SSL\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests.get()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001WEBBROWSER\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1.1\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

webbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cwebbrowser<\/code>\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528webbrowser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u5b83\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import webbrowser<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
webbrowser.open('http:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001REQUESTS\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
2.1\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bd4webbrowser<\/code>\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001SSL\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.get('http:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.3\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
requests<\/code>\u5e93\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('http:\/\/www.example.com', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406Cookies<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
response = session.get('http:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
data = {'key': 'value'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post('http:\/\/www.example.com', data=data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001SELENIUM\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
3.1\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
selenium<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5selenium<\/code>\u5e93\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install selenium<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u914d\u7f6eChromeDriver\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.get('http:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.3\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
element = driver.find_element_by_name('q')<\/p>\n
element.send_keys('Python')<\/p>\n
element.submit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u8f7d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWAI<\/a>t<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC<\/p>\n
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(<\/p>\n
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, 'q'))<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001URLLIB\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
4.1\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
urllib<\/code>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684URL\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.2\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528urllib<\/code>\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import urllib.request<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
html = response.read().decode('utf-8')<\/p>\n
print(html)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.3\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
request = urllib.request.Request('http:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
request.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla\/5.0')<\/p>\n
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import urllib.parse<\/p>\n
data = urllib.parse.urlencode({'key': 'value'}).encode('utf-8')<\/p>\n
request = urllib.request.Request('http:\/\/www.example.com', data=data)<\/p>\n
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684webbrowser\u6a21\u5757\u5230\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684selenium\u5e93\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cwebbrowser\u548crequests\u662f\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cselenium\u662f\u9996\u9009\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u7528Python\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u662fwebbrowser<\/code>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u9700\u51e0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
import webbrowser\n\nwebbrowser.open('https:\/\/www.example.com')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u201cexample.com\u201d\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\uff1f<\/strong>
\u9664\u4e86webbrowser<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002requests<\/code>\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800cselenium<\/code>\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u5730\u4e0e\u7f51\u9875\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver\n\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome()\ndriver.get('https:\/\/www.example.com')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2aChrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u6253\u5f00\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e8b\u9879\uff1f<\/strong>
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