{"id":924662,"date":"2024-12-26T15:17:14","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T07:17:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/924662.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T15:17:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T07:17:17","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ad%98%e6%a1%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/924662.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u6863"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u6863\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5b58\u6863\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528pickle\u6a21\u5757\u3001json\u6a21\u5757\u3001csv\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cpickle\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u590d\u6742Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u6863\uff1bjson\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u5219\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u7b80\u5355\u7684Python\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u5217\u8868\u7b49\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff1bcsv\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u8868\u683c\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e0eExcel\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982SQLite\u6216SQLAlchemy\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528pickle\u6a21\u5757\u5b58\u6863\u6570\u636e\u662fPython\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002pickle\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316Python\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u5c06\u5176\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002pickle\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001PICKLE\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fPICKLE<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Pickle\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001PICKLE\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Pickle\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u6863\u590d\u6742\u7684Python\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684Python\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3\u3001PICKLE\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528pickle\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u6863\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165pickle\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pickle.dump()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pickle.load()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import pickle<\/p>\n
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.pkl', 'wb') as f:<\/p>\n
    data = {'key': 'value', 'number': 42}<\/p>\n
    pickle.dump(data, f)<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.pkl', 'rb') as f:<\/p>\n
    loaded_data = pickle.load(f)<\/p>\n
    print(loaded_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001JSON\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fJSON<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
JSON\uff08JavaScript Object Notation\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6613\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u751f\u6210\u3002Python\u7684json\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001JSON\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u6863\u7b80\u5355\u7684Python\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u662fJSON\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001JSON\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528json\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u6863\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165json\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528json.dump()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528json.load()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.json', 'w') as f:<\/p>\n
    data = {'key': 'value', 'number': 42}<\/p>\n
    json.dump(data, f)<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPython\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.json', 'r') as f:<\/p>\n
    loaded_data = json.load(f)<\/p>\n
    print(loaded_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001CSV\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fCSV<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
CSV\uff08Comma-Separated Values\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\uff08\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u6587\u672c\uff09\u3002CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u6613\u4e8e\u4e0eExcel\u7b49\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001CSV\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u6863\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4e0eExcel\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u683c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u884c\u548c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001CSV\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528csv\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u6863\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165csv\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528csv.writer()<\/code>\u5199\u5165\u884c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528csv.reader()<\/code>\u8bfb\u53d6\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\n
\u5199\u5165CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:<\/p>\n
    writer = csv.writer(f)<\/p>\n
    writer.writerow(['key', 'value'])<\/p>\n
    writer.writerow(['number', 42])<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.csv', 'r') as f:<\/p>\n
    reader = csv.reader(f)<\/p>\n
    for row in reader:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u6863\u5927\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001SQLite\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite\u9002\u5408\u5728\u672c\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5b58\u6863\u4e2d\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001SQLite\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u6863\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS records (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, key TEXT, value INTEGER)')<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('INSERT INTO records (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)', ('number', 42))<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM records')<\/p>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
for row in rows:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b58\u6863\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684Python\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cpickle\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528json\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\uff0ccsv\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982SQLite\uff09\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u6863\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 Python\u652f\u6301\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b58\u6863\u683c\u5f0f\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5b58\u6863\u683c\u5f0f\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8eZIP\u3001TAR\u3001GZ\u3001JSON\u548cPickle\u7b49\u3002ZIP\u548cTAR\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\uff1b\u800cJSON\u548cPickle\u5219\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
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