{"id":925004,"date":"2024-12-26T15:23:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T07:23:27","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-26T15:23:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T07:23:29","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%a9%e5%86%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/925004.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u7f29\u5199"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u7f29\u5199\"<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684for\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b1\u523010\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6570\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

squares = [x2 for x in range(1, 11)]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Python\u7f29\u5199\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528map()<\/code>\u548cfilter()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. map()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
map()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528map()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
str_numbers = list(map(str, numbers))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. filter()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
filter()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5076\u6570\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528filter()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]<\/p>\n
even_numbers = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u96c6\u5408\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u96c6\u5408\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u96c6\u5408\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b1\u523010\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6570\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
squares_set = {x2 for x in range(1, 11)}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u6790\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u952e\u662f1\u52305\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u952e\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
squares_dict = {x: x2 for x in range(1, 6)}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002Python\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982map()<\/code>\u3001filter()<\/code>\u548creduce()<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528reduce()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
reduce()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from functools import reduce<\/p>\n
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]<\/p>\n
product = reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, numbers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff08lambda<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u5c0f\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u547d\u540d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5199\u51fa\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528map()<\/code>\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
numbers = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
incremented = list(map(lambda x: x + 1, numbers))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e09\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u9700\u8981\u591a\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u7f29\u5199\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
x = 5<\/p>\n
result = "Even" if x % 2 == 0 else "Odd"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6210\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
squares_generator = (x2 for x in range(1, 1000000))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6216\u6d41\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u591a\u91cd\u8d4b\u503c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u91cd\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u89e3\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
a, b, c = 1, 2, 3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\u89e3\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u661f\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u5305\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
first, *middle, last = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cfirst<\/code>\u5c06\u662f1\uff0clast<\/code>\u5c06\u662f5\uff0c\u800cmiddle<\/code>\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5143\u7d20[2, 3, 4]\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662fwith<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/a>\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    content = file.read()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def my_decorator(func):<\/p>\n
    def wrapper():<\/p>\n
        print("Something is happening before the function is called.")<\/p>\n
        func()<\/p>\n
        print("Something is happening after the function is called.")<\/p>\n
    return wrapper<\/p>\n
@my_decorator<\/p>\n
def say_hello():<\/p>\n
    print("Hello!")<\/p>\n
say_hello()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u662fPython 3.7\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982__init__()<\/code>\u548c__repr__()<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from dataclasses import dataclass<\/p>\n
@dataclass<\/p>\n
class Point:<\/p>\n
    x: int<\/p>\n
    y: int<\/p>\n
p = Point(1, 2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
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\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7f29\u5199\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5f15\u5165\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cPython\u7684\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u4ee5\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
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Python\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u6280\u5de7\uff1f<\/strong>
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