{"id":937744,"date":"2024-12-26T19:57:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T11:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/937744.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T19:57:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T11:57:52","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bf%ae%e6%94%b9response","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/937744.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539response"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539response\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\uff08response\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u5982Flask\u6216Django\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728Flask\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6216\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e6\u622a\u548c\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4fee\u6539HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5728\u8bb8\u591aWeb\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Django\u548cFlask\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u5728Django\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0__call__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class CustomMiddleware:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, get_response):<\/p>\n
        self.get_response = get_response<\/p>\n
    def __call__(self, request):<\/p>\n
        # \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
        response = self.get_response(request)<\/p>\n
        # \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
        response['Custom-Header'] = 'CustomValue'<\/p>\n
        return response<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Django\u9879\u76ee\u7684settings.py<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
MIDDLEWARE = [<\/p>\n
    ...<\/p>\n
    'myapp.middleware.CustomMiddleware',<\/p>\n
    ...<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u5728Flask\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Flask\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, request, make_response<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.before_request<\/p>\n
def before_request():<\/p>\n
    pass  # \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
@app.after_request<\/p>\n
def after_request(response):<\/p>\n
    response.headers['Custom-Header'] = 'CustomValue'<\/p>\n
    return response<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def index():<\/p>\n
    return 'Hello, World!'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u4f7f\u7528Flask\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Flask\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efaResponse<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, make_response<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def index():<\/p>\n
    response = make_response('Hello, World!')<\/p>\n
    response.headers['Custom-Header'] = 'CustomValue'<\/p>\n
    return response<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4f7f\u7528Django\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56deHttpResponse<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.http import HttpResponse<\/p>\n
def my_view(request):<\/p>\n
    response = HttpResponse('Hello, World!')<\/p>\n
    response['Custom-Header'] = 'CustomValue'<\/p>\n
    return response<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u6765\u5c01\u88c5\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49Flask\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Flask\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627fResponse<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, Response<\/p>\n
class CustomResponse(Response):<\/p>\n
    default_mimetype = 'application\/json'<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
app.response_class = CustomResponse<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def index():<\/p>\n
    return '{"message": "Hello, World!"}'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49Django\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627fHttpResponse<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.http import HttpResponse<\/p>\n
class CustomHttpResponse(HttpResponse):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, content=b'', *args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__(content, *args, kwargs)<\/p>\n
        self['Custom-Header'] = 'CustomValue'<\/p>\n
def my_view(request):<\/p>\n
    return CustomHttpResponse('Hello, World!')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406JSON\u54cd\u5e94<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002Python\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u5728Flask\u4e2d\u5904\u7406JSON\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Flask\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86jsonify<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7b80\u5316JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, jsonify<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/json')<\/p>\n
def json_response():<\/p>\n
    data = {'message': 'Hello, World!'}<\/p>\n
    return jsonify(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u5728Django\u4e2d\u5904\u7406JSON\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Django\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86JsonResponse<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u751f\u6210JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.http import JsonResponse<\/p>\n
def json_view(request):<\/p>\n
    data = {'message': 'Hello, World!'}<\/p>\n
    return JsonResponse(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u62c5\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.1 \u4f7f\u7528Flask\u7f13\u5b58\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Flask\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Flask-Caching\u63d2\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
from flask_caching import Cache<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
cache = Cache(app, config={'CACHE_TYPE': 'simple'})<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
@cache.cached(timeout=60)<\/p>\n
def index():<\/p>\n
    return 'Hello, World!'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.2 \u4f7f\u7528Django\u7f13\u5b58\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Django\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u7f13\u5b58\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528cache_page<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u7f13\u5b58\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page<\/p>\n
@cache_page(60 * 15)<\/p>\n
def my_view(request):<\/p>\n
    return HttpResponse('Hello, World!')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u4f18\u5316HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5904\u7406HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u5982Requests\u6216Flask\u7b49\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u7684response<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1f<\/strong>
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u8fdb\u884cGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.content<\/code>\u6216response.json()<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u5178\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u4ee5\u4f9b\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u54cd\u5e94\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u662f\u7684\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7b80\u5316\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFlask\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Response<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6765\u7edf\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\uff08response\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u54cd\u5e94\u3001 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":937746,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937744"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=937744"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":937749,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937744\/revisions\/937749"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/937746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=937744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=937744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=937744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}