{"id":939391,"date":"2024-12-26T20:34:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T12:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/939391.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T20:34:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T12:34:03","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96url","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/939391.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6url"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d:
Python\u83b7\u53d6URL\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3001urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4ee5\u53cahttp.client<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\u591a\u79cdHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7requests<\/code>\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6URL\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\u5e76\u8c03\u7528requests.get(url)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7.text<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6URL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

requests<\/code>\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u7684API\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u83b7\u53d6URL\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u5bfc\u5165<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165requests<\/code>\u5e93\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u83b7\u53d6URL\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528requests.get()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
      print(response.text)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cresponse.text<\/code>\u5305\u542b\u4e86URL\u8fd4\u56de\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406URL\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u89e3\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u591a\u6570HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7ec6\u8282<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        requests<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u9664\u4e86.text<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709.status_code<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u7684HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001.json()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
            print("Success!")<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            print("An error occurred.")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528URLLIB\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6URL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u5728\u4f7f\u7528urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165urllib.request<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from urllib import request<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528urllib.request.urlopen()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7.read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            response = request.urlopen('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
            html = response.read().decode('utf-8')<\/p>\n
            print(html)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            urllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684API\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HTTP.CLIENT\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6URL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            http.client<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684HTTP\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165http.client<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              import http.client<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u4f7f\u7528http.client<\/code>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efaHTTP\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                conn = http.client.HTTPConnection("example.com")<\/p>\n
                conn.request("GET", "\/")<\/p>\n
                response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
                print(response.read().decode())<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  http.client<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u5176\u4ed6HTTP\u7ec6\u8282\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  print("Status:", response.status)<\/p>\n
                  print("Headers:", response.getheaders())<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  http.client<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406URL\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u5728\u83b7\u53d6URL\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406URL\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u7f16\u7801URL\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u9644\u52a0\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u7684params<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801URL\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
                    response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com', params=params)<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u5bf9\u4e8eurllib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528urllib.parse.urlencode()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      from urllib.parse import urlencode<\/p>\n
                      query = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
                      encoded_query = urlencode(query)<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406URL\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u5728\u83b7\u53d6URL\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u4f7f\u7528TRY-EXCEPT\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        try:<\/p>\n
                            response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
                            response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()<\/p>\n
                        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:<\/p>\n
                            print(f"HTTP error occurred: {err}")<\/p>\n
                        except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
                            print(f"Other error occurred: {err}")<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u5e38\u89c1\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n