{"id":940264,"date":"2024-12-26T20:56:47","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T12:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/940264.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T20:56:49","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T12:56:49","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96shp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/940264.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6shp"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6shp\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528GDAL\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PyShp\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u5e93<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cGeoPandas\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u4fbf\u6377\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3cPandas\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5e93\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u597d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

GeoPandas\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f7fPython\u7684\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8ePandas\u548cShapely\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982SHP\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e14GeoPandas\u8fd8\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6295\u5f71\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u53ca\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cGeoPandas\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e93\uff1aPandas\u3001Shapely\u3001Fiona\u3001GDAL\u548cPyproj\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install geopandas<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86GDAL\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install gdal<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
GeoPandas\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373gpd.read_file()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aGeoDataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u4e86Pandas DataFrame\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import geopandas as gpd<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
gdf = gpd.read_file("path\/to\/your\/shapefile.shp")<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u524d\u51e0\u884c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(gdf.head())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001GeoDataFrame\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u67e5\u770b\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7GeoDataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5217\u540d\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6295\u5f71\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u67e5\u770b\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
    print(gdf.info())<\/p>\n
    \u67e5\u770b\u6295\u5f71\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    print(gdf.crs)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    GeoDataFrame\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0ePandas DataFrame\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u5217<\/p>\n
    geometry = gdf['geometry']<\/p>\n
    \u7b5b\u9009\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    filtered_gdf = gdf[gdf['attribute'] > value]<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u7a7a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    GeoPandas\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u53e0\u52a0\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n
    buffered_gdf = gdf.buffer(10)<\/p>\n
    \u7a7a\u95f4\u53e0\u52a0\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    overlay_gdf = gpd.overlay(gdf1, gdf2, how='intersection')<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    GeoPandas\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528plot()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u5728\u7ed8\u5236\u5730\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u56fe\u4f8b\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u7ed8\u5236\u57fa\u672c\u5730\u56fe<\/p>\n
    gdf.plot()<\/p>\n
    \u7ed8\u5236\u5e26\u6709\u989c\u8272\u7684\u5730\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    gdf.plot(column='attribute', cmap='viridis', legend=True)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u867d\u7136GeoPandas\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u4f7f\u7528PyShp\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      PyShp\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eafPython\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002\u4f7f\u7528PyShp\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import shapefile<\/p>\n
      \u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      sf = shapefile.Reader("path\/to\/your\/shapefile.shp")<\/p>\n
      \u67e5\u770b\u5f62\u72b6\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      for shapeRecord in sf.iterShapeRecords():<\/p>\n
          print(shapeRecord.shape.__geo_interface__)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u4f7f\u7528GDAL\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      GDAL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from osgeo import ogr<\/p>\n
      \u6253\u5f00SHP\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      driver = ogr.GetDriverByName('ESRI Shapefile')<\/p>\n
      datasource = driver.Open("path\/to\/your\/shapefile.shp", 0)<\/p>\n
      \u83b7\u53d6\u56fe\u5c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      layer = datasource.GetLayer()<\/p>\n
      \u904d\u5386\u8981\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      for feature in layer:<\/p>\n
          geom = feature.GetGeometryRef()<\/p>\n
          print(geom.ExportToJson())<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dGeoPandas\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u7b80\u4fbf\u548c\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7GeoPandas\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08GIS\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0cPyShp\u548cGDAL\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
       \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6shp\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u8981\u8bfb\u53d6shp\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5GeoPandas\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4pip install geopandas<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8bfb\u53d6shp\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
      import geopandas as gpd\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6shp\u6587\u4ef6\ngdf = gpd.read_file('path\/to\/your\/file.shp')\nprint(gdf.head())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06shp\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aGeoDataFrame\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
      GeoPandas\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f<\/strong>
      GeoPandas\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165shp\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u5982Fiona\u6216Shapely\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cGeoPandas\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684API\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5730\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cGeoPandas\u4e0ePandas\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u719f\u6089\u7684Pandas\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5982\u679cshp\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u56fe\u5c42\uff1f<\/strong>
      shp\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2ashp\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u7684read_file<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u9010\u4e2a\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6216\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u56fe\u5c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
      # \u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684shp\u6587\u4ef6\ngdf_layer1 = gpd.read_file('path\/to\/your\/layer1.shp')\ngdf_layer2 = gpd.read_file('path\/to\/your\/layer2.shp')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8bfb\u53d6SHP\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528GDAL\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PyShp\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528GeoPandas\u5e93\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cGe […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":940272,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/940264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=940264"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/940264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":940275,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/940264\/revisions\/940275"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/940272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=940264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=940264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=940264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}