{"id":941394,"date":"2024-12-26T21:32:42","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:32:42","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-26T21:32:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:32:44","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95http%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/941394.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55http\u8bf7\u6c42"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55http\u8bf7\u6c42\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001http.client\u6a21\u5757\u3001urllib\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0crequests\u5e93\u56e0\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u800c\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u51e0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210GET\u6216POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8fdb\u884cGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528requests.get(url)\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u5e93\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u8be5\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528requests.get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import requests<\/p>\n
      url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
      \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      print(response.text)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u540c\u6837\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528requests.post()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import requests<\/p>\n
        url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
        data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
        response = requests.post(url, data=data)<\/p>\n
        \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        print(response.text)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4e8c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u5728\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.status_code<\/code>\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
              print('\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f')<\/p>\n
          else:<\/p>\n
              print(f'\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a{response.status_code}')<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u9664\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.text<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528response.json()<\/code>\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aJSON\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
            text_content = response.text<\/p>\n
            \u89e3\u6790\u4e3aJSON\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            json_content = response.json()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e09\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012params\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u5728POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012data\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u5728GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528params\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              params = {'param1': 'value1', 'param2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
              response = requests.get(url, params=params)<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u5728POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528data\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528json\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012JSON\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                # \u53d1\u9001\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
                form_data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
                response = requests.post(url, data=form_data)<\/p>\n
                \u53d1\u9001JSON\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                json_data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
                response = requests.post(url, json=json_data)<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u5757\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                try:<\/p>\n
                    response = requests.get(url, timeout=10)<\/p>\n
                    response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()  # \u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e0d\u662f200\uff0c\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n
                except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:<\/p>\n
                    print(f'\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff1a{e}')<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86timeout<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528raise_for_status()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e0d\u662f200\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u9664\u4e86GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982PUT\u3001DELETE\u3001HEAD\u7b49\u3002requests\u5e93\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. PUT\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  PUT\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data\/1'<\/p>\n
                  data = {'key1': 'new_value'}<\/p>\n
                  response = requests.put(url, data=data)<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. DELETE\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    DELETE\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data\/1'<\/p>\n
                    response = requests.delete(url)<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. HEAD\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      HEAD\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
                      response = requests.head(url)<\/p>\n
                      \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5934<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                      print(response.headers)<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u9664\u4e86requests\u5e93\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\uff0c\u5982http.client\u548curllib\u5e93\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u4e0d\u5982requests\u5e93\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u4f7f\u7528http.client\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        http.client\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        import http.client<\/p>\n
                        conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection('api.example.com')<\/p>\n
                        conn.request('GET', '\/data')<\/p>\n
                        response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
                        print(response.status, response.reason)<\/p>\n
                        print(response.read().decode())<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          urllib\u5e93\u4e5f\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86urlopen\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          from urllib import request<\/p>\n
                          url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
                          response = request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n
                          print(response.status)<\/p>\n
                          print(response.read().decode())<\/p>\n
                          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                          \u4e03\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684requests\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684http.client\u548curllib\u5e93\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u79cdHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                           \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
                          \u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684http.client<\/code>\u5e93\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982requests<\/code>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5e93\uff1apip install requests<\/code>\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n
                          import requests\n\nresponse = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')\nprint(response.text)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406Python\u4e2d\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\uff1f<\/strong>
                          \u5728\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.status_code<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0cresponse.headers<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff0cresponse.text<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
                          if response.status_code == 200:\n    print('\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f:', response.text)\nelse:\n    print('\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801:', response.status_code)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
                          \u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7requests.post()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u652f\u6301JSON\u3001\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53d1\u9001JSON\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
                          import requests\nimport json\n\ndata = {'key': 'value'}\nresponse = requests.post('http:\/\/example.com\/api', json=data)\nprint(response.json())  # \u89e3\u6790\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          \u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u4e0eAPI\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001http.client\u6a21\u5757\u3001urll […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":941400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941394"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=941394"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":941401,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941394\/revisions\/941401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/941400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=941394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=941394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=941394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}