{"id":941532,"date":"2024-12-26T21:35:43","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/941532.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T21:35:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:35:45","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/941532.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199api"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25075709\/1cb83584-c43c-4150-aa87-e266d6adb9fe.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199api\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> \u7f16\u5199API\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cPython\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0API\u3002<strong>\u8981\u7f16\u5199API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u3001Django\u3001FastAPI\u7b49\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1API\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548c\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cFlask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u548c\u4e2d\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff1bDjango\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff1bFastAPI\u5219\u4ee5\u5176\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6613\u7528\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u7f16\u5199API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u7f16\u5199API\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001Flask<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u578b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pip\u5b89\u88c5Flask\uff1a<code>pip install flask<\/code>\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Flask\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from flask import Flask, jsonify<\/p>\n<p>app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n<p>@app.route(&#39;\/api&#39;, methods=[&#39;GET&#39;])<\/p>\n<p>def get_data():<\/p>\n<p>    return jsonify({&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello, World!&quot;})<\/p>\n<p>if __name__ == &#39;__m<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a>n__&#39;:<\/p>\n<p>    app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1aFlask\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>2\u3001Django<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u81ea\u5e26\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u540e\u53f0\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pip\u5b89\u88c5Django\uff1a<code>pip install django<\/code>\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Django REST Framework\u6765\u521b\u5efaAPI\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5b89\u88c5Django REST Framework<\/p>\n<p>pip install djangorestframework<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0rest_framework\u5230INSTALLED_APPS<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>INSTALLED_APPS = [<\/p>\n<p>    ...<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;rest_framework&#39;,<\/p>\n<p>]<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1aDjango\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>3\u3001FastAPI<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>FastAPI\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u5feb\u901f\uff08\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff09\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6587\u6863\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5FastAPI\u548cUvicorn\uff08ASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\uff1a<code>pip install fastapi uvicorn<\/code>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684FastAPI\u5e94\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from fastapi import FastAPI<\/p>\n<p>app = FastAPI()<\/p>\n<p>@app.get(&quot;\/api&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>async def read_root():<\/p>\n<p>    return {&quot;message&quot;: &quot;Hello, FastAPI!&quot;}<\/p>\n<p>if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;:<\/p>\n<p>    import uvicorn<\/p>\n<p>    uvicorn.run(app, host=&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;, port=8000)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1aFastAPI\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fAPI\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1API\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548c\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1API\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548c\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u7f16\u5199API\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6bcf\u4e2aAPI\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6216\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faaRESTful\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7684API\u7aef\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<code>\/users\/{id}<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<code>\/users<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>PUT\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<code>\/users\/{id}<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>DELETE\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<code>\/users\/{id}<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u8def\u7531\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982JSON\uff09\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Flask\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from flask import request<\/p>\n<p>@app.route(&#39;\/users&#39;, methods=[&#39;POST&#39;])<\/p>\n<p>def create_user():<\/p>\n<p>    data = request.json<\/p>\n<p>    # \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>    return jsonify({&quot;status&quot;: &quot;User created&quot;}), 201<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u662fAPI\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001API\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95eeAPI\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JWT\u3001OAuth\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>2\u3001API\u6027\u80fd<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982FastAPI\uff09\u5904\u7406I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6587\u6863<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6587\u6863\u662f\u786e\u4fddAPI\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1API\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982pytest\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u6587\u6863<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6863<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Swagger\u3001ReDoc\uff09\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210API\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528API\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u6863\u4e0eAPI\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684API\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> 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\/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1API\u3002Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u5c0f\u578bAPI\u3002Django REST framework\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684API\u3002FastAPI\u5219\u56e0\u5176\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6613\u7528\u6027\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u7684Python API\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><br 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