{"id":941752,"date":"2024-12-26T21:43:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/941752.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T21:43:02","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:43:02","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/941752.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u548cmultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u90e8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u901a\u8fc7os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800cmultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0csubprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7Popen<\/code>\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002Popen<\/code>\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982communicate()<\/code>\u3001wAI<\/a>t()<\/code>\u7b49\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u7b49\u5f85\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.run()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SUBPROCESS\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u4ee5\u53ca\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.run()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import subprocess<\/p>\n
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n
print(result.stdout)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528ls -l<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7capture_output<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Popen<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002Popen<\/code>\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6d41\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import subprocess<\/p>\n
process = subprocess.Popen(['grep', 'pattern'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)<\/p>\n
output, _ = process.communicate('some text with pattern\\nanother line')<\/p>\n
print(output)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9grep<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u6355\u83b7\u5176\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528OS\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u5982subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
os.system()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4e0d\u5982subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
os.system('echo Hello, world!')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.kill()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
import signal<\/p>\n
pid = 1234  # \u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u7a0bID<\/p>\n
os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MULTIPROCESSING\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
multiprocessing.Process<\/code>\u7c7b\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process<\/p>\n
def worker():<\/p>\n
    print('Worker')<\/p>\n
process = Process(target=worker)<\/p>\n
process.start()<\/p>\n
process.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570worker<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Process<\/code>\u7c7b\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u961f\u5217\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Queue<\/code>\u7c7b\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue<\/p>\n
def worker(queue):<\/p>\n
    queue.put('Data from worker')<\/p>\n
queue = Queue()<\/p>\n
process = Process(target=worker, args=(queue,))<\/p>\n
process.start()<\/p>\n
process.join()<\/p>\n
print(queue.get())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Queue<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9501\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9501\uff08Lock\uff09\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aLock<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process, Lock<\/p>\n
def worker(lock, i):<\/p>\n
    with lock:<\/p>\n
        print(f'Worker {i}')<\/p>\n
lock = Lock()<\/p>\n
processes = [Process(target=worker, args=(lock, i)) for i in range(5)]<\/p>\n
for process in processes:<\/p>\n
    process.start()<\/p>\n
for process in processes:<\/p>\n
    process.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u53d1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff08Semaphore\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u91cf\u3002multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aSemaphore<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process, Semaphore<\/p>\n
def worker(sem, i):<\/p>\n
    with sem:<\/p>\n
        print(f'Worker {i} is running')<\/p>\n
sem = Semaphore(2)<\/p>\n
processes = [Process(target=worker, args=(sem, i)) for i in range(5)]<\/p>\n
for process in processes:<\/p>\n
    process.start()<\/p>\n
for process in processes:<\/p>\n
    process.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e0e\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Pool<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7ec4\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pool<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684apply()<\/code>\u6216apply_async()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Pool<\/p>\n
def square(x):<\/p>\n
    return x * x<\/p>\n
with Pool(4) as pool:<\/p>\n
    results = pool.map(square, range(10))<\/p>\n
    print(results)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b4\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528map()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u5e94\u7528square<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528apply_async()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Pool<\/p>\n
def square(x):<\/p>\n
    return x * x<\/p>\n
with Pool(4) as pool:<\/p>\n
    results = [pool.apply_async(square, (i,)) for i in range(10)]<\/p>\n
    output = [result.get() for result in results]<\/p>\n
    print(output)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528apply_async()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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