{"id":941975,"date":"2024-12-26T21:49:02","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:49:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/941975.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T21:49:04","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:49:04","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bb%ba%e7%b1%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/941975.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7c7b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7c7b\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u540d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7class<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u5927\u5199\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, attribute1, attribute2):<\/p>\n
        self.attribute1 = attribute1<\/p>\n
        self.attribute2 = attribute2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cMyClass<\/code>\u662f\u7c7b\u540d\uff0c__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316attribute1<\/code>\u548cattribute2<\/code>\u3002self<\/code>\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u90fd\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d26\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d26\u6237\u53f7\u7801\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u4f59\u989d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, attribute1, attribute2):<\/p>\n
        self.attribute1 = attribute1<\/p>\n
        self.attribute2 = attribute2<\/p>\n
    def display_attributes(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"Attribute 1: {self.attribute1}, Attribute 2: {self.attribute2}"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cdisplay_attributes<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class ParentClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, parent_attribute):<\/p>\n
        self.parent_attribute = parent_attribute<\/p>\n
class ChildClass(ParentClass):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, parent_attribute, child_attribute):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__(parent_attribute)<\/p>\n
        self.child_attribute = child_attribute<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChildClass<\/code>\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaParentClass<\/code>\u3002super()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97ChildClass<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7c7b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u7f6e\u5355\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u548c\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class EncapsulatedClass:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, public_attribute, private_attribute):<\/p>\n
        self.public_attribute = public_attribute<\/p>\n
        self.__private_attribute = private_attribute<\/p>\n
    def get_private_attribute(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.__private_attribute<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c__private_attribute<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5get_private_attribute<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7c7b\u7684\u591a\u6001\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u6001\u6027\u662f\u6307\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Animal:<\/p>\n
    def sound(self):<\/p>\n
        rAI<\/a>se NotImplementedError("Subclasses should implement this!")<\/p>\n
class Dog(Animal):<\/p>\n
    def sound(self):<\/p>\n
        return "Woof!"<\/p>\n
class Cat(Animal):<\/p>\n
    def sound(self):<\/p>\n
        return "Meow!"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cAnimal<\/code>\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2asound<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cDog<\/code>\u548cCat<\/code>\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u7c7b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u660e\u786e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u6df1\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u591a\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u9075\u5faaSOLID\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u8d23\u4efb\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5229\u7528Python\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6709\u6548\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f7f\u7528class<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u540e\u8ddf\u7c7b\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u4f53\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class Dog:\n    def __init__(self, name):\n        self.name = name\n\n    def bark(self):\n        return f"{self.name} says woof!"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDog<\/code>\u7c7b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u72d7\u53eb\u3002<\/p>\n
    Python\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u662f__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2aname<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cfself.name<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b50\u7c7b\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7236\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class Animal:\n    def speak(self):\n        return "Animal speaks"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n    def speak(self):\n        return "Cat meows"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cCat<\/code>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Animal<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u5199\u4e86speak<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u732b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u540d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528__init__\u65b9\u6cd5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":941978,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941975"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=941975"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":941979,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941975\/revisions\/941979"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/941978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=941975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=941975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=941975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}