{"id":942745,"date":"2024-12-26T22:16:12","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T14:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/942745.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T22:16:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T14:16:15","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e5%8f%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/942745.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u3002\u8981\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5e93\u662fRequests\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u6240\u6709HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08GET\u3001POST\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5Requests\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Requests\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    \u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
        print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f")<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e00\u65e6\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u60a8\u4f1a\u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.content<\/code>\u6216response.text<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    content = response.text  # \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u5f62\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.content<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790HTML\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u89e3\u6790\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      BeautifulSoup\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aHTML\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u5982lxml\u6216html.parser\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5b89\u88c5lxml\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install beautifulsoup4 lxml<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
      \u5047\u8bbe'content'\u662f\u4ece\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'lxml')<\/p>\n
      \u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u9898\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      titles = soup.find_all('h1')<\/p>\n
      for title in titles:<\/p>\n
          print(title.text)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982find<\/code>\u3001find_all<\/code>\u3001select<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684HTML\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u4eceHTML\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u521d\u59cbHTML\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u4f7f\u7528Selenium<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u6293\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6293\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        pip install selenium<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u60a8\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684WebDriver\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u52a0\u8f7d\u9875\u9762<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
        \u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        driver.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
        \u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        dynamic_content = driver.find_element_by_id('dynamic-content')<\/p>\n
        print(dynamic_content.text)<\/p>\n
        \u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        driver.quit()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eBeautifulSoup\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u9875\u9762\u540e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u6709\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ecIP\u5c01\u7981\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u60a8\u7684\u771f\u5b9eIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eRequests\u5e93\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          proxies = {<\/p>\n
              'http': 'http:\/\/your-proxy.com:port',<\/p>\n
              'https': 'https:\/\/your-proxy.com:port',<\/p>\n
          }<\/p>\n
          response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent\u5b57\u6bb5\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          headers = {<\/p>\n
              'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'<\/p>\n
          }<\/p>\n
          response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u89e6\u53d1\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import time<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u529f\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230CSV\u3001JSON\u6216\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import csv<\/p>\n
            \u5047\u8bbe'data'\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:<\/p>\n
                writer = csv.writer(csvfile)<\/p>\n
                writer.writerow(['Column1', 'Column2'])  # \u5199\u5165\u5217\u540d<\/p>\n
                for row in data:<\/p>\n
                    writer.writerow(row)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\uff0c\u5982sqlite3\u6216SQLAlchemy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import sqlite3<\/p>\n
            conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
            c = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u8868\u683c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            c.execute('''CREATE TABLE data (column1 text, column2 text)''')<\/p>\n
            \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            c.executemany('INSERT INTO data VALUES (?, ?)', data)<\/p>\n
            conn.commit()<\/p>\n
            conn.close()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u65f6\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
             \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u722c\u53d6\uff1f<\/strong>
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