{"id":942856,"date":"2024-12-26T22:21:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T14:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/942856.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T22:21:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T14:21:26","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8f%91%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/942856.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\"<\/p>\n

Python\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001http.client\u6a21\u5757\u3001urllib\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0crequests\u5e93\u6700\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u3002requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86get\u3001post\u3001put\u3001delete\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdrequests\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001REQUESTS\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u53d1\u8d77GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u8d77GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import requests<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
      print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
      print(response.text)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0crequests.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u8d77GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cresponse<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.status_code<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7response.text<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u53d1\u8d77POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7requests.post<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d1\u8d77POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import requests<\/p>\n
        payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
        response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', data=payload)<\/p>\n
        print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
        print(response.text)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cpayload<\/code>\u662f\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528data<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9requests.post<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          requests\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7json<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53d1\u9001JSON\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7response.json()<\/code>\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import requests<\/p>\n
          payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
          response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', json=payload)<\/p>\n
          print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
          print(response.json())<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u6709\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7headers<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import requests<\/p>\n
            headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN'}<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
            print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
            print(response.text)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e8c\u3001HTTP.CLIENT\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            http.client\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5982requests\u5e93\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0d\u60f3\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u53d1\u8d77GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              import http.client<\/p>\n
              conn = http.client.HTTPConnection('api.example.com')<\/p>\n
              conn.request('GET', '\/data')<\/p>\n
              response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
              print(response.status, response.reason)<\/p>\n
              data = response.read()<\/p>\n
              print(data)<\/p>\n
              conn.close()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u53d1\u8d77POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                import http.client<\/p>\n
                import json<\/p>\n
                conn = http.client.HTTPConnection('api.example.com')<\/p>\n
                headers = {'Content-type': 'application\/json'}<\/p>\n
                payload = json.dumps({'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})<\/p>\n
                conn.request('POST', '\/data', payload, headers)<\/p>\n
                response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
                print(response.status, response.reason)<\/p>\n
                data = response.read()<\/p>\n
                print(data)<\/p>\n
                conn.close()<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u4e09\u3001URLLIB\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                urllib\u5e93\u4e5f\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5904\u7406URL\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u53d1\u8d77GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  import urllib.request<\/p>\n
                  response = urllib.request.urlopen('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
                  print(response.status)<\/p>\n
                  print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u53d1\u8d77POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    import urllib.request<\/p>\n
                    import json<\/p>\n
                    url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
                    headers = {'Content-type': 'application\/json'}<\/p>\n
                    data = json.dumps({'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}).encode('utf-8')<\/p>\n
                    request = urllib.request.Request(url, data=data, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
                    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)<\/p>\n
                    print(response.status)<\/p>\n
                    print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u56db\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u8d77\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u963b\u585e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528AI<\/a>ohttp\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u5b89\u88c5aiohttp\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      pip install aiohttp<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u4f7f\u7528aiohttp\u53d1\u8d77\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        import aiohttp<\/p>\n
                        import asyncio<\/p>\n
                        async def fetch(url):<\/p>\n
                            async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:<\/p>\n
                                async with session.get(url) as response:<\/p>\n
                                    return await response.text()<\/p>\n
                        async def main():<\/p>\n
                            url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
                            html = await fetch(url)<\/p>\n
                            print(html)<\/p>\n
                        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()<\/p>\n
                        loop.run_until_complete(main())<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u4e94\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002requests\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        import requests<\/p>\n
                        from requests.exceptions import HTTPError, Timeout, RequestException<\/p>\n
                        url = 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data'<\/p>\n
                        try:<\/p>\n
                            response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)<\/p>\n
                            response.raise_for_status()<\/p>\n
                        except HTTPError as http_err:<\/p>\n
                            print(f'HTTP error occurred: {http_err}')<\/p>\n
                        except Timeout as timeout_err:<\/p>\n
                            print(f'Timeout error occurred: {timeout_err}')<\/p>\n
                        except RequestException as err:<\/p>\n
                            print(f'Other error occurred: {err}')<\/p>\n
                        else:<\/p>\n
                            print('Success!')<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406HTTP\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982tenacity<\/code>\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u4e2drequests\u5e93\u56e0\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u800c\u5e7f\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528aiohttp\u5e93\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                         \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
                        \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4pip install requests<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        import requests\n\nresponse = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')\nprint(response.status_code)\nprint(response.json())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
                        Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
                        \u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u540c\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        import requests\n\ndata = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}\nresponse = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/submit', data=data)\nprint(response.status_code)\nprint(response.text)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\uff0crequests\u5e93\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5176\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u8868\u5355\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong>
                        \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7headers<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        import requests\n\nheaders = {'Authorization': 'Bearer your_token', 'Content-Type': 'application\/json'}\nresponse = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/protected', headers=headers)\nprint(response.status_code)\nprint(response.json())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u786e\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001http.client\u6a21\u5757\u3001urllib\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0creq […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":942858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942856"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=942856"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":942859,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/942856\/revisions\/942859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/942858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=942856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=942856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=942856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}