{"id":949329,"date":"2024-12-27T00:11:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/949329.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T00:11:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:11:52","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%93%e5%ad%98-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/949329.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u7f13\u5b58 \u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982functools.lru_cache<\/code>\u3001cachetools<\/code>\u3001diskcache<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u9002\u5408\u77ed\u671f\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u9002\u5408\u8f83\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58\u9002\u5408\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002Python\u4e2d\u7684functools.lru_cache<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528functools.lru_cache<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    functools.lru_cache<\/code>\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff08LRU\uff09\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    from functools import lru_cache<\/p>\n
    @lru_cache(maxsize=128)<\/p>\n
    def expensive_function(param):<\/p>\n
        # \u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n
        return param * 2<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cexpensive_function<\/code>\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c\u3002maxsize<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0cNone<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u9650\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. cachetools<\/code>\u5e93<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      cachetools<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982LRU\u3001LFU\u7b49\uff09\u548cTTL\uff08\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from cachetools import LRUCache<\/p>\n
      cache = LRUCache(maxsize=100)<\/p>\n
      def get_data(key):<\/p>\n
          if key not in cache:<\/p>\n
              # \u5047\u8bbe\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
              cache[key] = key * 2<\/p>\n
          return cache[key]<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528cachetools<\/code>\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u6216\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002diskcache<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u4f7f\u7528diskcache<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        diskcache<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import diskcache as dc<\/p>\n
        cache = dc.Cache('\/path\/to\/cache')<\/p>\n
        def get_data(key):<\/p>\n
            if key not in cache:<\/p>\n
                # \u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
                cache[key] = key * 2<\/p>\n
            return cache[key]<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        diskcache<\/code>\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u6bd4\u5185\u5b58\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982SQLite\u3001PostgreSQL\uff09\u6216NoSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982Redis\u3001MongoDB\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528SQLite<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import sqlite3<\/p>\n
          def create_cache_db():<\/p>\n
              conn = sqlite3.connect('cache.db')<\/p>\n
              c = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
              c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cache (key TEXT, value TEXT)''')<\/p>\n
              conn.commit()<\/p>\n
              conn.close()<\/p>\n
          def get_data(key):<\/p>\n
              conn = sqlite3.connect('cache.db')<\/p>\n
              c = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
              c.execute('SELECT value FROM cache WHERE key=?', (key,))<\/p>\n
              result = c.fetchone()<\/p>\n
              if result is None:<\/p>\n
                  # \u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
                  value = key * 2<\/p>\n
                  c.execute('INSERT INTO cache (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)', (key, str(value)))<\/p>\n
                  conn.commit()<\/p>\n
              else:<\/p>\n
                  value = result[0]<\/p>\n
              conn.close()<\/p>\n
              return value<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u4f7f\u7528Redis<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            Redis\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import redis<\/p>\n
            cache = redis.StrictRedis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)<\/p>\n
            def get_data(key):<\/p>\n
                if not cache.exists(key):<\/p>\n
                    # \u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
                    value = key * 2<\/p>\n
                    cache.set(key, value)<\/p>\n
                return cache.get(key)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            Redis\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u56db\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f13\u5b58\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982joblib<\/code>\u3001requests-cache<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u4f7f\u7528joblib<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              joblib<\/code>\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              from joblib import Memory<\/p>\n
              memory = Memory('\/path\/to\/cache', verbose=0)<\/p>\n
              @memory.cache<\/p>\n
              def expensive_function(param):<\/p>\n
                  # \u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n
                  return param * 2<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u4f7f\u7528requests-cache<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                requests-cache<\/code>\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                import requests<\/p>\n
                from requests_cache import CachedSession<\/p>\n
                session = CachedSession('http_cache')<\/p>\n
                def fetch_data(url):<\/p>\n
                    response = session.get(url)<\/p>\n
                    return response.content<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u4e94\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \n
                  \u6570\u636e\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u671f\u7f13\u5b58\u6216\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                2. \n
                  \u6570\u636e\u91cf\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u9002\u5408\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9002\u5408\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                3. \n
                  \u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u8981\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u6216Redis\u7b49\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                4. \n
                  \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u9700\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u603b\u4e4b\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                   \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong>
                  \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7f13\u5b58\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e93\u6709functools.lru_cache<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cachetools<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Redis\u6216Memcached\u7b49\u5916\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
                  Python\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
                  \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11CPU\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u548cI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6d41\u7545\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f55\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\uff1f<\/strong>
                  \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u6216\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7387\u53ca\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982functools […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":949334,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949329"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=949329"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":949336,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/949329\/revisions\/949336"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/949334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=949329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=949329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=949329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}